The closed Friedman world model with the initial and final singularities as a non-commutative space
The most elegant definition of singularities in general relativity as b-boundary points, when applied to the closed Friedman world model, leads to the disastrous situation: both the initial and final singularities form the single point of the b-boundary which is not Hausdorff separated from the rest of space-time. We apply Alain Connes' method of non-commutative geometry, defined in terms of a C*-algebra, to this case. It turns out that both the initial and final singularities can be analysed as...