On the singular graph and the Weyr characteristic of an M-matrix.
Let be the adjacency matrix of . The characteristic polynomial of the adjacency matrix is called the characteristic polynomial of the graph and is denoted by or simply . The spectrum of consists of the roots (together with their multiplicities) of the equation . The largest root is referred to as the spectral radius of . A -shape is a tree with exactly two of its vertices having maximal degree 4. We will denote by
A property P defined on all graphs of order n is said to be k-stable if for any graph of order n that does not satisfy P, the fact that uv is not an edge of G and that G + uv satisfies P implies . Every property is (2n-3)-stable and every k-stable property is (k+1)-stable. We denote by s(P) the smallest integer k such that P is k-stable and call it the stability of P. This number usually depends on n and is at most 2n-3. A graph of order n is said to be pancyclic if it contains cycles of all lengths...
In this paper, we study the Steiner 2-edge connected subgraph polytope. We introduce a large class of valid inequalities for this polytope called the generalized Steiner F-partition inequalities, that generalizes the so-called Steiner F-partition inequalities. We show that these inequalities together with the trivial and the Steiner cut inequalities completely describe the polytope on a class of graphs that generalizes the wheels. We also describe necessary conditions for these inequalities to...
Let G be a connected graph. A vertex w ∈ V.G/ strongly resolves two vertices u,v ∈ V.G/ if there exists some shortest u-w path containing v or some shortest v-w path containing u. A set S of vertices is a strong resolving set for G if every pair of vertices of G is strongly resolved by some vertex of S. The smallest cardinality of a strong resolving set for G is called the strong metric dimension of G. It is well known that the problem of computing this invariant is NP-hard. In this paper we study...
A vertex colouring of a 2-connected plane graph G is a strong parity vertex colouring if for every face f and each colour c, the number of vertices incident with f coloured by c is either zero or odd. Czap et al. in [9] proved that every 2-connected plane graph has a proper strong parity vertex colouring with at most 118 colours. In this paper we improve this upper bound for some classes of plane graphs.
We prove the structural result on normal plane maps, which applies to the vertex distance colouring of plane maps. The vertex distance-t chromatic number of a plane graph G with maximum degree Δ(G) ≤ D, D ≥ 12 is proved to be upper bounded by . This improves a recent bound , D ≥ 8 by Jendrol’ and Skupień, and the upper bound for distance-2 chromatic number.