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Let G = (L,R;E) be a bipartite graph such that V(G) = L∪R, |L| = p and |R| = q. G is called (p,q)-tree if G is connected and |E(G)| = p+q-1.
Let G = (L,R;E) and H = (L',R';E') be two (p,q)-tree. A bijection f:L ∪ R → L' ∪ R' is said to be a biplacement of G and H if f(L) = L' and f(x)f(y) ∉ E' for every edge xy of G. A biplacement of G and its copy is called 2-placement of G. A bipartite graph G is 2-placeable if G has a 2-placement. In this paper we give all (p,q)-trees which...
A Roman dominating function (RDF) on a graph G = (V,E) is a function f: V → 0,1,2 satisfying the condition that every vertex u for which f(u) = 0 is adjacent to at least one vertex v for which f(v) = 2. The weight of f is . The Roman domination number is the minimum weight of an RDF in G. It is known that for every graph G, the Roman domination number of G is bounded above by twice its domination number. Graphs which have Roman domination number equal to twice their domination number are called...
On the background of Borůvka’s pioneering work we present a survey of the development related to the Minimum Spanning Tree Problem. We also complement the historical paper Graham-Hell [GH] by a few remarks and provide an update of the extensive literature devoted to this problem.
We supply a combinatorial description of any minor of the adjacency matrix of a graph. This description is then used to give a formula for the determinant and inverse of the adjacency matrix, A(G), of a graph G, whenever A(G) is invertible, where G is formed by replacing the edges of a tree by path bundles.
For a connected graph and a set with at least two vertices, an -Steiner tree is a subgraph of that is a tree with . If the degree of each vertex of in is equal to 1, then is called a pendant -Steiner tree. Two -Steiner trees are internally disjoint if they share no vertices other than and have no edges in common. For and , the pendant tree-connectivity is the maximum number of internally disjoint pendant -Steiner trees in , and for , the -pendant tree-connectivity ...
Let ir(G) and γ(G) be the irredundance number and domination number of a graph G, respectively. The number of vertices and leaves of a graph G are denoted by n(G) and n₁(G). If T is a tree, then Lemańska [4] presented in 2004 the sharp lower bound
γ(T) ≥ (n(T) + 2 - n₁(T))/3.
In this paper we prove
ir(T) ≥ (n(T) + 2 - n₁(T))/3. for an arbitrary tree T. Since γ(T) ≥ ir(T) is always valid, this inequality is an extension and improvement of Lemańska's result.
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