On unit equations with rational coefficients
Let and be two prime integers and let be a positive odd square-free integer. Assuming that the fundamental unit of has a negative norm, we investigate the unit group of the fields .
We first investigate factorizations of elements of the semigroup of upper triangular matrices with nonnegative entries and nonzero determinant, provide a formula for , and, given , also provide formulas for , and . As a consequence, open problem 2 and problem 4 presented in N. Baeth et al. (2011), are partly answered. Secondly, we study the semigroup of upper triangular matrices with only positive integral entries, compute some invariants of such semigroup, and also partly answer open Problem...
Recent model of lifetime after a heart attack involves some integer coefficients. Our goal is to get these coefficients in simple way and transparent form. To this aim we construct a schema according to a rule which combines the ideas used in the Pascal triangle and the generalized Fibonacci and Lucas numbers