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The structure of digraphs associated with the congruence x k y ( mod n )

Lawrence Somer, Michal Křížek (2011)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

We assign to each pair of positive integers n and k 2 a digraph G ( n , k ) whose set of vertices is H = { 0 , 1 , , n - 1 } and for which there is a directed edge from a H to b H if a k b ( mod n ) . We investigate the structure of G ( n , k ) . In particular, upper bounds are given for the longest cycle in G ( n , k ) . We find subdigraphs of G ( n , k ) , called fundamental constituents of G ( n , k ) , for which all trees attached to cycle vertices are isomorphic.

The structure of disjoint iteration groups on the circle

Krzysztof Ciepliński (2004)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

The aim of the paper is to investigate the structure of disjoint iteration groups on the unit circle 𝕊 1 , that is, families = { F v 𝕊 1 𝕊 1 v V } of homeomorphisms such that F v 1 F v 2 = F v 1 + v 2 , v 1 , v 2 V , and each F v either is the identity mapping or has no fixed point ( ( V , + ) is an arbitrary 2 -divisible nontrivial (i.e., c a r d V > 1 ) abelian group).

The structure of idempotent residuated chains

Wei Chen, Xian Zhong Zhao (2009)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

In this paper we study some special residuated lattices, namely, idempotent residuated chains. After giving some properties of Green’s relation 𝒟 on the monoid reduct of an idempotent residuated chain, we establish a structure theorem for idempotent residuated chains. As an application, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a band with an identity to be the monoid reduct of some idempotent residuated chain. Finally, based on the structure theorem for idempotent residuated chains, we obtain...

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