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A simple proof of the non-integrability of the first and the second Painlevé equations

Henryk Żołądek (2011)

Banach Center Publications

The first and the second Painlevé equations are explicitly Hamiltonian with time dependent Hamilton function. By a natural extension of the phase space one gets corresponding autonomous Hamiltonian systems in ℂ⁴. We prove that the latter systems do not have any additional algebraic first integral. In the proof equations in variations with respect to a parameter are used.

A singular perturbation method for saddle connections and subharmonics of certain nonlinear differential equations with fixed saddle points.

Peter Smith (1990)

Revista Matemática de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Saddle connections and subharmonics are investigated for a class of forced second order differential equations which have a fixed saddle point. In these equations, which have linear damping and a nonlinear restoring term, the amplitude of the forcing term depends on displacement in the system. Saddle connections are significant in nonlinear systems since their appearance signals a homoclinic bifurcation. The approach uses a singular perturbation method which has a fairly broad application to saddle...

A spectral gap property for subgroups of finite covolume in Lie groups

Bachir Bekka, Yves Cornulier (2010)

Colloquium Mathematicae

Let G be a real Lie group and H a lattice or, more generally, a closed subgroup of finite covolume in G. We show that the unitary representation λ G / H of G on L²(G/H) has a spectral gap, that is, the restriction of λ G / H to the orthogonal complement of the constants in L²(G/H) does not have almost invariant vectors. This answers a question of G. Margulis. We give an application to the spectral geometry of locally symmetric Riemannian spaces of infinite volume.

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