For different reasons it is very useful to have at one’s disposal a duality formula for the fractional powers of the Laplacean, namely, $({(-\Delta )}^{\alpha }u,\varphi )=(u,{(-\Delta )}^{\alpha }\varphi )$, α ∈ ℂ, for ϕ belonging to a suitable function space and u to its topological dual. Unfortunately, this formula makes no sense in the classical spaces of distributions. For this reason we introduce a new space of distributions where the above formula can be established. Finally, we apply this distributional point of view on the fractional powers of the Laplacean...

We consider sequences of linear operators Uₙ with a localization property. It is proved that for any set E of measure zero there exists a set G for which $U{ₙ}_G\left(x\right)$ diverges at each point x ∈ E. This result is a generalization of analogous theorems known for the Fourier sum operators with respect to different orthogonal systems.

We costruct functions in $H_w^1$ ($w\in A_1$) whose Fourier integral expansions are almost everywhere non-summable with respect to the Bochner-Riesz means of the critical order.

In the present paper we introduce some double sequence spaces defined by a sequence of modulus function $F=\left(f_{k,l}\right)$ over $n$-normed spaces. We also make an effort to study some topological properties and inclusion relations between these spaces.

Denote by $f_{ss}(x,y)$ the sum of a double sine series with nonnegative coefficients. We present necessary and sufficient coefficient conditions in order that $f_{ss}$ belongs to the two-dimensional multiplicative Lipschitz class Lip(α,β) for some 0 < α ≤ 1 and 0 < β ≤ 1. Our theorems are extensions of the corresponding theorems by Boas for single sine series.

Let $-(n+1)<m\le -(n+1)(1-\rho )$ and let $T_a\in {ℒ}_{\rho ,\delta }^m$ be pseudo-differential operators with symbols $a(x,\xi )\in {ℝ}^n\times {ℝ}^n$, where $0<\rho \le 1$, $0\le \delta <1$ and $\delta \le \rho$. Let $\mu$, $\lambda$ be weights in Muckenhoupt classes $A_p$, $\nu ={\left(\mu {\lambda }^{-1}\right)}^{1/p}$ for some $1<p<\infty$. We establish a two-weight inequality for commutators generated by pseudo-differential operators $T_a$ with weighted BMO functions $b\in {\mathrm{BMO}}_{\nu }$, namely, the commutator $[b,T_a]$ is bounded from $L^p\left(\mu \right)$ into $L^p\left(\lambda \right)$. Furthermore, the range of $m$ can be extended to the whole $m\le -(n+1)(1-\rho )$.

Let u be a solution to a second order elliptic equation with singular magnetic fields, vanishing continuously on an open subset Γ of the boundary of a Lipschitz domain. An elementary proof of the doubling property for u² over balls centered at some points near Γ is presented. Moreover, we get the unique continuation at the boundary of Dini domains for elliptic operators.

For an Orlicz function φ and a decreasing weight w, two intrinsic exact descriptions are presented for the norm in the Köthe dual of the Orlicz-Lorentz function space ${\Lambda }_{\phi ,w}$ or the sequence space ${\lambda }_{\phi ,w}$, equipped with either the Luxemburg or Amemiya norms. The first description is via the modular $inf\int \phi ⁎(f*/|g\left|\right)\left|g\right|:g\prec w$, where f* is the decreasing rearrangement of f, ≺ denotes submajorization, and φ⁎ is the complementary function to φ. The second description is in terms of the modular ${\int }_I\phi ⁎((f*)⁰/w)w$,where (f*)⁰ is Halperin’s level function...

We determine the duals of the homogeneous matrix-weighted Besov spaces ${Ḃ}_p^{\alpha q}\left(W\right)$ and ${ḃ}_p^{\alpha q}\left(W\right)$ which were previously defined in [5]. If W is a matrix $A_p$ weight, then the dual of ${Ḃ}_p^{\alpha q}\left(W\right)$ can be identified with ${Ḃ}_{p^{\text{'}}}^{-\alpha q^{\text{'}}}\left(W^{-p^{\text{'}}/p}\right)$ and, similarly, $\left[{ḃ}_p^{\alpha q}\left(W\right)\right]*\approx {ḃ}_{p^{\text{'}}}^{-\alpha q^{\text{'}}}\left(W^{-p^{\text{'}}/p}\right)$. Moreover, for certain W which may not be in the $A_p$ class, the duals of ${Ḃ}_p^{\alpha q}\left(W\right)$ and ${ḃ}_p^{\alpha q}\left(W\right)$ are determined and expressed in terms of the Besov spaces ${Ḃ}_{p^{\text{'}}}^{-\alpha q^{\text{'}}}\left(A_Q^{-1}\right)$ and ${ḃ}_{p^{\text{'}}}^{-\alpha q^{\text{'}}}\left(A_Q^{-1}\right)$, which we define in terms of reducing operators ${A_Q}_Q$ associated with W. We also develop the basic theory of these reducing operator Besov spaces. Similar...

This paper is an extension of the work done in [Morsli M., Bedouhene F., Boulahia F., Duality properties and Riesz representation theorem in the Besicovitch-Orlicz space of almost periodic functions, Comment. Math. Univ. Carolin. 43 (2002), no. 1, 103--117] to the Besicovitch-Musielak-Orlicz space of almost periodic functions. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the reflexivity of this space are given. A Riesz type ``duality representation theorem'' is also stated.

In [6], the classical Riesz representation theorem is extended to the class of Besicovitch space of almost periodic functions $B^q$ a.p., $q\in ]1,+\infty [$ . It is also shown that this space is reflexive. We shall consider here such results in the context of Orlicz spaces, namely in the class of Besicovitch-Orlicz space of almost periodic functions $B^{\phi }$ a.p., where $\phi$ is an Orlicz function.

We study atomic decompositions and their relationship with duality and reflexivity of Banach spaces. To this end, we extend the concepts of "shrinking" and "boundedly complete" Schauder basis to the atomic decomposition framework. This allows us to answer a basic duality question: when an atomic decomposition for a Banach space generates, by duality, an atomic decomposition for its dual space. We also characterize the reflexivity of a Banach space in terms of properties of its atomic decompositions....

We study Hardy, Bergman, Bloch, and BMO spaces on convex domains of finite type in $n$-dimensional complex space. Duals of these spaces are computed. The essential features of complex domains of finite type, that make these theorems possible, are isolated.