We demonstrate that the set of topologically distinct inverse limit spaces of tent maps with a Cantor set for its postcritical ω-limit set has cardinality of the continuum. The set of folding points (i.e. points at which the space is not homeomorphic to the product of a zero-dimensional set and an arc) of each of these spaces is also a Cantor set.
It is proved that the cylinder X × I over a λ-dendroid X has the fixed point property. The proof uses results of [9] and [10].
Let X denote a locally connected continuum such that cyclic elements have metrizable boundary in X. We study the cyclic elements of X by demonstrating that each such continuum gives rise to an upper semicontinuous decomposition G of X into continua such that X/G is the continuous image of an arc and the cyclic elements of X correspond to the cyclic elements of X/G that are Peano continua.
We present a result which affords the existence of equivalent metrics on a space having distances between certain pairs of points predetermined, with some restrictions. This result is then applied to obtain metric spaces which have interesting properties pertaining to the span, semispan, and symmetric span of metric continua. In particular, we show that no two of these variants of span agree for all simple closed curves or for all simple triods.
Continuing studies on 2-to-1 maps onto indecomposable continua having only arcs as proper non-degenerate subcontinua - called here arc-continua - we drop the hypothesis of tree-likeness, and we get some conditions on the arc-continuum image that force any 2-to-1 map to be a local homeomorphism. We show that any 2-to-1 map from a continuum onto a local Cantor bundle Y is either a local homeomorphism or a retraction if Y is orientable, and that it is a local homeomorphism if Y is not orientable.
It is known that no dendrite (Gottschalk 1947) and no hereditarily indecomposable tree-like continuum (J. Heath 1991) can be the image of a continuum under an exactly 2-to-1 (continuous) map. This paper enlarges the class of tree-like continua satisfying this property, namely to include those tree-like continua whose nondegenerate proper subcontinua are arcs. This includes all Knaster continua and Ingram continua. The conjecture that all tree-like continua have this property, stated by S. Nadler...