Proportionality principle for cusped manifolds
We give a short proof of the proportionality principle for cusped hyperbolic manifolds.
We give a short proof of the proportionality principle for cusped hyperbolic manifolds.
Two dynamical deformation theories are presented – one for surface homeomorphisms, called pruning, and another for graph endomorphisms, called kneading – both giving conditions under which all of the dynamics in an open set can be destroyed, while leaving the dynamics unchanged elsewhere. The theories are related to each other and to Thurston’s classification of surface homeomorphisms up to isotopy.
This paper is a continuation of Part I of the same title which has appeared at the last issue of this journal.
C’est un article sur les publications mathématiques pendant l’Occupation (1940–44). À travers les cas de quatre mathématiciens, et surtout de celui de Jacques Feldbau (un des fondateurs de la théorie des fibrés, mort en déportation), nous étudions la façon dont la censure a frappé les mathématiciens français définis comme juifs par le « Statut des juifs » d’octobre 1940 et les stratégies de publication que ceux-ci ont alors utilisées (pseudonymes, plis cachetés, journaux provinciaux...) La manière...
Two virtual link diagrams are homotopic if one may be transformed into the other by a sequence of virtual Reidemeister moves, classical Reidemeister moves, and self crossing changes. We recall the pure virtual braid group. We then describe the set of pure virtual braids that are homotopic to the identity braid.