We study the flat region of stationary points of the functional ${\int }_{\Omega }F\left(\right|\nabla u\left(x\right)\left|\right)dx$ under the constraint $u\le M$, where $\Omega$ is a bounded domain in ${ℝ}^2$. Here $F\left(s\right)$ is a function which is concave for $s$ small and convex for $s$ large, and $M>0$ is a given constant. The problem generalizes the classical minimal resistance body problems considered by Newton. We construct a family of partially flat radial solutions to the associated stationary problem when $\Omega$ is a ball. We also analyze some other qualitative properties. Moreover,...

Let $G$ be a unitary group defined over a non-Archimedean local field of odd residue characteristic and let $H$ be the centralizer of a semisimple rational Lie algebra element of $G.$ We prove that the Bruhat-Tits building ${𝔅}^1\left(H\right)$ of $H$ can be affinely and $G$-equivariantly embedded in the Bruhat-Tits building ${𝔅}^1\left(G\right)$ of $G$ so that the Moy-Prasad filtrations are preserved. The latter property forces uniqueness in the following way. Let $j$ and $j^{\prime }$ be maps from ${𝔅}^1\left(H\right)$ to ${𝔅}^1\left(G\right)$ which preserve the Moy–Prasad filtrations....

Let $C$ be a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g\ge 1$ over a number field $K$ with good reduction outside a finite set of places $S$ of $K$. We prove that $C$ has a Weierstrass model over the ring of integers of $K$ with height effectively bounded only in terms of $g$, $S$ and $K$. In particular, we obtain that for any given number field $K$, finite set of places $S$ of $K$ and integer $g\ge 1$ one can in principle determine the set of $K$-isomorphism classes of hyperelliptic curves over $K$ of genus $g$ with good reduction outside...

Let $k$ be a field of characteristic $p\>0$. Let $D_m$ be a ${BT}_m$ over $k$ (i.e., an $m$-truncated Barsotti–Tate group over $k$). Let $S$ be a $k$-scheme and let $X$ be a ${BT}_m$ over $S$. Let $S_{D_m}\left(X\right)$ be the subscheme of $S$ which describes the locus where $X$ is locally for the fppf topology isomorphic to $D_m$. If $p\ge 5$, we show that $S_{D_m}\left(X\right)$ is pure in $S$, i.e. the immersion $S_{D_m}\left(X\right)\hookrightarrow S$ is affine. For $p\in \{2,3\}$, we prove purity if $D_m$ satisfies a certain technical property depending only on its $p$-torsion $D_m\left[p\right]$. For $p\ge 5$, we apply the developed techniques to show that...

We prove a density version of the Carlson–Simpson Theorem. Specifically we show the following. For every integer $k\ge 2$ and every set $A$ of words over $k$ satisfying $\lim {\sup }_{n\to \infty }|A\cap {\left[k\right]}^n|/k^n>0$ there exist a word $c$ over $k$ and a sequence $\left(w_n\right)$ of left variable words over $k$ such that the set $c\cup \{c^{}{w}_0{\left(a_0\right)}^{}..{.}^{}{w}_n\left(a_n\right):n\in \mathbb{N}\text{and}{a}_0,...,a_n\in \left[k\right]\}$ is contained in $A$. While the result is infinite-dimensional its proof is based on an appropriate finite and quantitative version, also obtained in the paper.

The symbol ${\left(X_I\right)}_{\kappa }$ (with κ ≥ ω) denotes the space $X_I:={\prod }_{i\in I}{X}_i$ with the κ-box topology; this has as base all sets of the form $U={\prod }_{i\in I}{U}_i$ with $U_i$ open in $X_i$ and with $|i\in I:U_i\ne X_i|<\kappa$. The symbols w, d and S denote respectively the weight, density character and Suslin number. Generalizing familiar classical results, the authors show inter alia: Theorem 3.1.10(b). If κ ≤ α⁺, |I| = α and each $X_i$ contains the discrete space 0,1 and satisfies $w\left(X_i\right)\le \alpha$, then $w\left(X_{\kappa }\right)={\alpha }^{<\kappa }$. Theorem 4.3.2. If $\omega \le \kappa \le \left|I\right|\le 2^{\alpha }$ and $X={\left(D\left(\alpha \right)\right)}^I$ with D(α) discrete, |D(α)| = α, then $d\left({\left(X_I\right)}_{\kappa }\right)={\alpha }^{<\kappa }$. Corollaries 5.2.32(a)...