Let $R$ be a ring. In two previous articles [12, 14] we studied the homotopy category $𝐊\left(R\text{-}\mathrm{Proj}\right)$ of projective $R$-modules. We produced a set of generators for this category, proved that the category is ${\aleph }_1$-compactly generated for any ring $R$, and showed that it need not always be compactly generated, but is for sufficiently nice $R$. We furthermore analyzed the inclusion $j_{!}^{}:𝐊\left(R\text{-}\mathrm{Proj}\right)\to 𝐊\left(R\text{-}\mathrm{Flat}\right)$ and the orthogonal subcategory $𝒮={𝐊\left(R\text{-}\mathrm{Proj}\right)}^{\perp }$. And we even showed that the inclusion $𝒮\to 𝐊\left(R\text{-}\mathrm{Flat}\right)$ has a right adjoint; this forces some natural map to be...

Let $p$ be an odd prime, and let $a$ be an integer not divisible by $p$. When $m$ is a positive integer with $p\equiv 1(mod2m)$ and $2$ is an $m$th power residue modulo $p$, we determine the value of the product ${\prod }_{k\in R_m\left(p\right)}(1+tan(\pi ak/p))$, where $$R_m\left(p\right)=\{0<k<p:k\in \mathbb{Z}\text{is}\text{an}m\text{th}\text{power}\text{residue}\text{modulo}p\}.$$ In particular, if $p=x^2+64y^2$ with $x,y\in \mathbb{Z}$, then $$\prod _{k\in R_4\left(p\right)}\left(1+tan\pi \frac{ak}{p}\right)={(-1)}^y{(-2)}^{(p-1)/8}.$$

We consider the problem $$\left\{\begin{array}{cc}-\Delta u=u^{\frac{N+2}{N-2}+\lambda }\hfill & \text{in}\Omega \setminus \epsilon \omega ,\hfill \\ u\&gt;0\hfill & \text{in}\Omega \setminus \epsilon \omega ,\hfill \\ u=0\hfill & \text{on}\partial \left(\Omega \setminus \epsilon \omega \right),\hfill \end{array}\right.$$ where $\Omega$ and $\omega$ are smooth bounded domains in ${ℝ}^N$, $N\ge 3$, $\epsilon \&gt;0$ and $\lambda \in ℝ.$ We prove that if the size of the hole $\epsilon$ goes to zero and if, simultaneously, the parameter $\lambda$ goes to zero at the appropriate rate, then the problem has a solution which blows up at the origin.

The paper deals with the existence of a Kneser solution of the $n$-th order nonlinear differential inclusion $$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill x^{\left(n\right)}\left(t\right)\in -A_1(t,x\left(t\right),...,x^{(n-1)}\left(t\right))x^{(n-1)}\left(t\right)-...-A_n(t,x\left(t\right),...,& x^{(n-1)}\left(t\right))x\left(t\right)\\ & \text{for}\text{a.a.}t\in [a,\infty ),\end{array}$$ where $a\in (0,\infty )$, and $A_i:[a,\infty )\times {ℝ}^n\to ℝ$, $i=1,...,n,$ are upper-Carathéodory mappings. The derived result is finally illustrated by the third order Kneser problem.

Assume that $\mathrm{\Omega }$, ${\mathrm{\Omega }}^{\prime }$ are planar domains and $f:\mathrm{\Omega }\stackrel{\text{onto}}{\to }{\mathrm{\Omega }}^{\prime }$ is a homeomorphism belonging to Sobolev space $W_{\text{loc}}^{1,1}(\mathrm{\Omega };{ℝ}^2)$ with finite distortion. We prove that if the distortion function $K_f$ of $f$ satisfies the condition , then the distortion function $K_{f^{-1}}$ of $f^{-1}$ belongs to $L_{\text{loc}}^1({\mathrm{\Omega }}^{\prime })$. We show that this result is sharp in sense that the conclusion fails if ${\mathrm{dist}}_{\text{EXP}}(K_f,L^{\mathrm{\infty }})=1$. Moreover, we prove that if the distortion function $K_f$ satisfies the condition ${\mathrm{dist}}_{\text{EXP}}(K_f,L^{\mathrm{\infty }})=\lambda$ for some $\lambda >0$, then $K_{f^{-1}}$ belongs to $L_{\text{loc}}^p({\mathrm{\Omega }}^{\prime })$ for every $p\in (0,\frac{1}{2\lambda })$. As special case of this result we show that if...

We study the existence and nonexistence of positive solutions of the nonlinear equation $$-{\Delta }_{p\left(x\right)}u=\lambda k\left(x\right)u^q\pm h\left(x\right)u^r\text{in}\Omega ,u=0\text{on}\partial \Omega$$ where $\Omega \subset {ℝ}^N$, $N\ge 2$, is a regular bounded open domain in ${ℝ}^N$ and the $p\left(x\right)$-Laplacian $${\Delta }_{p\left(x\right)}u:={\text{div}\left(\right|\nabla u|}^{p\left(x\right)-2}\nabla u)$$ is introduced for a continuous function $p\left(x\right)>1$ defined on $\Omega$. The positive parameter $\lambda$ induces the bifurcation phenomena. The study of the equation (Q) needs generalized Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces. In this paper, under suitable assumptions, we show that some variational methods still work. We use them to prove the existence of positive...

The paper deals with very weak solutions $u\in \theta +W_0^{1,r}\left(\Omega \right)$, $max\{1,p-1\}<r<p<n$, to boundary value problems of the $p$-harmonic equation $$\left\{\begin{array}{cc}-\text{div}\left(\right|\nabla u\left(x\right){|}^{p-2}\nabla u\left(x\right))=0,\hfill & x\in \Omega ,\hfill \\ u\left(x\right)=\theta \left(x\right),\hfill & x\in \partial \Omega .\hfill \end{array}\right.(*)$$ We show that, under the assumption $\theta \in W^{1,q}\left(\Omega \right)$, $q>r$, any very weak solution $u$ to the boundary value problem ($*$) is integrable with $$u\in \left\{\begin{array}{cc}\theta +L_{\mathrm{weak}}^{q^{*}}\left(\Omega \right)\hfill & \text{for}q<n,\hfill \\ \theta +L_{\mathrm{weak}}^{\tau }\left(\Omega \right)\hfill & \text{for}q=n\text{and}\text{any}\tau <\infty ,\hfill \\ \theta +L^{\infty }\left(\Omega \right)\hfill & \text{for}q>n,\hfill \end{array}\right.$$ provided that $r$ is sufficiently close to $p$.

Let $\mathbb{N}$ be the set of positive integers and let $s\in \mathbb{N}$. We denote by $d^s$ the arithmetic function given by $d^s\left(n\right)={\left(d\left(n\right)\right)}^s$, where $d\left(n\right)$ is the number of positive divisors of $n$. Moreover, for every $\ell ,m\in \mathbb{N}$ we denote by ${\delta }^{s,\ell ,m}\left(n\right)$ the sequence $$\underset{m\text{-times}}{\underbrace{d^s(d^s(...d^s(d^s\left(n\right)+\ell )+\ell ...)+\ell )}}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{d}^s\left(n\right)\hfill & \text{for}m=1,\hfill \\ d^s(d^s\left(n\right)+\ell )\hfill & \text{for}m=2,\hfill \\ d^s(d^s(d^s\left(n\right)+\ell )+\ell )\hfill & \text{for}m=3,\hfill \\ ⋮\hfill \end{array}\right.$$ We present classical and nonclassical notes on the sequence ${\left({\delta }^{s,\ell ,m}\left(n\right)\right)}_{m\ge 1}$, where $\ell$, $n$, $s$ are understood as parameters.

We investigate the following quasilinear and singular problem, $$\text{t}o2.7cm\left\{\begin{array}{cc}-{\Delta }_{p}u=\frac{\lambda }{u^{\delta }}+u^q\hfill & \text{in}\Omega ;\hfill \\ {u|}_{\partial \Omega }=0,u\&gt;0\hfill & \text{in}\Omega ,\hfill \end{array}\right.\text{t}o2.7cm\text{(P)}$$ where $\Omega$ is an open bounded domain with smooth boundary, $1\&lt;p\&lt;\infty$, $p-1\&lt;q\le p^{*}-1$, $\lambda \&gt;0$, and $0\&lt;\delta \&lt;1$. As usual, $p^{*}=\frac{Np}{N-p}$ if $1\&lt;p\&lt;N$, $p^{*}\in (p,\infty )$ is arbitrarily large if $p=N$, and $p^{*}=\infty$ if $p\&gt;N$. We employ variational methods in order to show the existence of at least two distinct (positive) solutions of problem (P) in $W_0^{1,p}\left(\Omega \right)$. While following an approach due to Ambrosetti-Brezis-Cerami, we need to prove two new results of separate interest: a strong comparison principle...

Let $K$ be a $p$-adic local field with residue field $k$ such that $[k:k^p]=p^e\&lt;+\infty$ and $V$ be a $p$-adic representation of $\text{Gal}(\overline{K}/K)$. Then, by using the theory of $p$-adic differential modules, we show that $V$ is a Hodge-Tate (resp. de Rham) representation of $\text{Gal}(\overline{K}/K)$ if and only if $V$ is a Hodge-Tate (resp. de Rham) representation of $\text{Gal}(\overline{K^{\text{pf}}}/K^{\text{pf}})$ where $K^{\text{pf}}/K$ is a certain $p$-adic local field with residue field the smallest perfect field $k^{\text{pf}}$ containing $k$.

In this paper we prove the existence of a solution for a problem whose model is: with $f(x)$ in $L^1(\mathrm{\Omega })$ and $\sigma$, $\gamma >0$.

In this paper we study the nonlinear Schrödinger-Maxwell equations If $V$ is a positive constant, we prove the existence of a ground state solution $(u,\varphi )$ for . The non-constant potential case is treated for , and $V$ possibly unbounded below.

This paper presents several sufficient conditions for the existence of weak solutions to general nonlinear elliptic problems of the type $$\left\{\begin{array}{cc}-\mathrm{div}a(x,u,\nabla u)+b(x,u,\nabla u)=0\hfill & \text{in}\Omega ,\hfill \\ u=0\hfill & \text{on}\partial \Omega ,\hfill \end{array}\right.$$ where $\Omega$ is a bounded domain of ${ℝ}^n$, $n\ge 2$. In particular, we do not require strict monotonicity of the principal part $a(x,z,·)$, while the approach is based on the variational method and results of the variable exponent function spaces.

A graph $G$ is called $\{H_1,H_2,\cdots ,H_k\}$-free if $G$ contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to any graph $H_i$, $1\le i\le k$. We define $${\sigma }_k=min\left\{\sum _{i=1}^{k}d\left(v_i\right):\{v_1,\cdots ,v_k\}\text{is}\text{an}\text{independent}\text{set}\text{of}\text{vertices}\text{in}G\right\}.$$ In this paper, we prove that (1) if $G$ is a connected $\{K_{1,4},K_{1,4}+e\}$-free graph of order $n$ and ${\sigma }_3\left(G\right)\ge n-1$, then $G$ is traceable, (2) if $G$ is a 2-connected $\{K_{1,4},K_{1,4}+e\}$-free graph of order $n$ and $|N\left(x_1\right)\cup N\left(x_2\right)|+|N\left(y_1\right)\cup N\left(y_2\right)|\ge n-1$ for any two distinct pairs of non-adjacent vertices $\{x_1,x_2\}$, $\{y_1,y_2\}$ of $G$, then $G$ is traceable, i.e., $G$ has a Hamilton path, where $K_{1,4}+e$ is a graph obtained by joining a pair of non-adjacent vertices in a $K_{1,4}$.

Let $X\subset {{ℂ}^n}^n$ be a closed real-analytic subset and put $$𝒜:=\{z\in X\mid \exists A\subset X,\text{germ}\text{of}\text{a}\text{complex-analytic}\text{set,}z\in A,{dim}_{z}A\&gt;0\}$$ This article deals with the question of the structure of $𝒜$. In the main result a natural proof is given for the fact, that $𝒜$ always is closed. As a main tool an interesting relation between complex analytic subsets of $X$ of positive dimension and the Segre varieties of $X$ is proved and exploited.

We consider the generic Green conjecture on syzygies of a canonical curve, and particularly the following reformulation thereof: For a smooth projective curve $C$ of genus $g$ in characteristic 0, the condition $\text{Cliff}C>l$ is equivalent to the fact that $K_{g-l^{\text{'}}-2,1}(C,K_C)=0,\forall l^{\text{'}}\le l$. We propose a new approach, which allows up to prove this result for generic curves $C$ of genus $g\left(C\right)$ and gonality $\text{gon(C)}$ in the range $$\frac{g\left(C\right)}{3}+1\le \text{gon(C)}\le \frac{g\left(C\right)}{2}+1.$$

We prove the existence of solutions to nonlinear parabolic problems of the following type: $$\left\{\begin{array}{cc}{\displaystyle \frac{\partial b\left(u\right)}{\partial t}}+A\left(u\right)=f+\mathrm{div}\left(\Theta (x;t;u)\right)\hfill & \text{in}Q,\hfill \\ u(x;t)=0\hfill & \text{on}\partial \Omega \times [0;T],\hfill \\ b\left(u\right)(t=0)=b\left(u_0\right)\hfill & \text{on}\Omega ,\hfill \end{array}\right.$$ where $b:ℝ\to ℝ$ is a strictly increasing function of class ${𝒞}^1$, the term $$A\left(u\right)=-\mathrm{div}\left(a\right(x,t,u,\nabla u\left)\right)$$ is an operator of Leray-Lions type which satisfies the classical Leray-Lions assumptions of Musielak type, $\Theta :\Omega \times [0;T]\times ℝ\to ℝ$ is a Carathéodory, noncoercive function which satisfies the following condition: ${sup}_{\left|s\right|\le k}\left|\Theta (·,·,s)\right|\in E_{\psi }\left(Q\right)$ for all $k>0$, where $\psi$ is the Musielak complementary function of $\Theta$, and the second term $f$ belongs to $L^1\left(Q\right)$.