Computation of some examples of Brown's spectral measure in free probability

Philippe Biane; Franz Lehner

Displaying similar documents to “Computation of some examples of Brown's spectral measure in free probability”

On fixed point free involutions of $R^{1} \times S^{2}$

Gerhard X. Ritter (1976)

Colloquium Mathematicae

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Invariant subspaces for operators in a general II1-factor

Uffe Haagerup, Hanne Schultz (2009)

Publications Mathématiques de l'IHÉS

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Let ℳ be a von Neumann factor of type II1 with a normalized trace τ. In 1983 L. G. Brown showed that to every operator T∈ℳ one can in a natural way associate a spectral distribution measure μ T (now called the Brown measure of T), which is a probability measure in ℂ with support in the spectrum σ(T) of T. In this paper it is shown that for every T∈ℳ and every Borel set B in ℂ, there is a unique closed T-invariant subspace $𝒦 = 𝒦_{T} (B)$ affiliated with ℳ, such that the Brown measure of ${T |}_{𝒦}$ is concentrated...

Prescribing endomorphism algebras of $ℵ_{n}$ -free modules

Rüdiger Göbel, Daniel Herden, Saharon Shelah (2014)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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It is a well-known fact that modules over a commutative ring in general cannot be classified, and it is also well-known that we have to impose severe restrictions on either the ring or on the class of modules to solve this problem. One of the restrictions on the modules comes from freeness assumptions which have been intensively studied in recent decades. Two interesting, distinct but typical examples are the papers by Blass [1] and Eklof [8], both jointly with Shelah. In the first case...

Equalizers and coactions of groups

Martin Arkowitz, Mauricio Gutierrez (2002)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

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If f:G → H is a group homomorphism and p,q are the projections from the free product G*H onto its factors G and H respectively, let the group $_{f} \subseteq G * H$ be the equalizer of fp and q:G*H → H. Then p restricts to an epimorphism $p_{f} {= p |}_{f} :_{f} \to G$ . A right inverse (section) $G \to_{f}$ of $p_{f}$ is called a coaction on G. In this paper we study $_{f}$ and the sections of $p_{f}$ . We consider the following topics: the structure of $_{f}$ as a free product, the restrictions on G resulting from the existence of a coaction, maps of coactions and...

A note on certain partial sum operators

Marek Bożejko, Gero Fendler (2006)

Banach Center Publications

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We show that for the t-deformed semicircle measure, where 1/2 < t ≤ 1, the expansions of $L_{p}$ functions with respect to the associated orthonormal polynomials converge in norm when 3/2 < p < 3 and do not converge when 1 ≤ p < 3/2 or 3 < p. From this we conclude that natural expansions in the non-commutative $L_{p}$ spaces of free group factors and of free commutation relations do not converge for 1 ≤ p < 3/2 or 3 < p.

On inhomogeneous self-similar measures and their $L^{q}$ spectra

Przemysław Liszka (2013)

Annales Polonici Mathematici

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Let $S_{i} : ℝ^{d} \to ℝ^{d}$ for i = 1,..., N be contracting similarities, let $(p ₁, . . ., p_{N}, p)$ be a probability vector and let ν be a probability measure on $ℝ^{d}$ with compact support. It is well known that there exists a unique inhomogeneous self-similar probability measure μ on $ℝ^{d}$ such that $μ = \sum_{i = 1}^{N} p_{i} μ \circ S_{i}^{- 1} + p ν$ . We give satisfactory estimates for the lower and upper bounds of the $L^{q}$ spectra of inhomogeneous self-similar measures. The case in which there are a countable number of contracting similarities and probabilities is considered. In particular,...

Multiple solutions to a perturbed Neumann problem

Giuseppe Cordaro (2007)

Studia Mathematica

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We consider the perturbed Neumann problem ⎧ -Δu + α(x)u = α(x)f(u) + λg(x,u) a.e. in Ω, ⎨ ⎩ ∂u/∂ν = 0 on ∂Ω, where Ω is an open bounded set in $ℝ^{N}$ with boundary of class C², $α \in L^{\infty} (Ω)$ with $e s s i n f_{Ω} α > 0$ , f: ℝ → ℝ is a continuous function and g: Ω × ℝ → ℝ, besides being a Carathéodory function, is such that, for some p > N, $s u p_{| s | \leq t} | g (\cdot, s) | \in L^{p} (Ω)$ and $g (\cdot, t) \in L^{\infty} (Ω)$ for all t ∈ ℝ. In this setting, supposing only that the set of global minima of the function $1 / 2 ξ ² - \int_{0}^{ξ} f (t) d t$ has M ≥ 2 bounded connected components, we prove that, for all λ ∈ ℝ small enough,...

Product decompositions of quasirandom groups and a Jordan type theorem

Nikolay Nikolov, László Pyber (2011)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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We first note that a result of Gowers on product-free sets in groups has an unexpected consequence: If $k$ is the minimal degree of a representation of the finite group $G$ , then for every subset $B$ of $G$ with $| B | > | G | / k^{1 / 3}$ we have $B^{3} = G$ . We use this to obtain improved versions of recent deep theorems of Helfgott and of Shalev concerning product decompositions of finite simple groups, with much simpler proofs. On the other hand, we prove a version of Jordan’s theorem which implies that if $k \geq 2$ , then $G$ has a...

On certain functions that generalize von Mangoldt’s function $Λ (n)$

A. Ivić (1975)

Matematički Vesnik

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Infinitely many positive solutions for the Neumann problem involving the p-Laplacian

Giovanni Anello, Giuseppe Cordaro (2003)

Colloquium Mathematicae

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We present two results on existence of infinitely many positive solutions to the Neumann problem ⎧ $- Δ_{p} u + λ (x) {| u |}^{p - 2} u = μ f (x, u)$ in Ω, ⎨ ⎩ ∂u/∂ν = 0 on ∂Ω, where $Ω \subset ℝ^{N}$ is a bounded open set with sufficiently smooth boundary ∂Ω, ν is the outer unit normal vector to ∂Ω, p > 1, μ > 0, $λ \in L^{\infty} (Ω)$ with $e s s i n f_{x \in Ω} λ (x) > 0$ and f: Ω × ℝ → ℝ is a Carathéodory function. Our results ensure the existence of a sequence of nonzero and nonnegative weak solutions to the above problem.

On nearly radial marginals of high-dimensional probability measures

Bo'az Klartag (2010)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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Suppose that $μ$ is an absolutely continuous probability measure on $^{R}$ n, for large $n$ . Then $μ$ has low-dimensional marginals that are approximately spherically-symmetric. More precisely, if $n \geq {(C / ε)}^{C d}$ , then there exist $d$ -dimensional marginals of $μ$ that are $ε$ -far from being sphericallysymmetric, in an appropriate sense. Here $C > 0$ is a universal constant.

Classical boundary value problems for integrable temperatures in a $C^{1}$ domain

Anna Grimaldi Piro, Francesco Ragnedda (1991)

Annales Polonici Mathematici

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Abstract. We study a Neumann problem for the heat equation in a cylindrical domain with $C^{1}$ -base and data in $h_{c}^{1}$ , a subspace of $L$ 1. We derive our results, considering the action of an adjoint operator on $B_{T} M O C$ , a predual of $h_{c}^{1}$ , and using known properties of this last space.

Spectral radius of weighted composition operators in $L^{p}$ -spaces

Krzysztof Zajkowski (2010)

Studia Mathematica

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We prove that for the spectral radius of a weighted composition operator $a T_{α}$ , acting in the space $L^{p} (X,, μ)$ , the following variational principle holds: $l n r (a T_{α}) = m a x_{ν \in M ¹_{α, e}} \int_{X} l n | a | d ν$ , where X is a Hausdorff compact space, α: X → X is a continuous mapping preserving a Borel measure μ with suppμ = X, $M ¹_{α, e}$ is the set of all α-invariant ergodic probability measures on X, and a: X → ℝ is a continuous and $_{\infty}$ -measurable function, where $_{\infty} = ⋂_{n = 0}^{\infty} α^{- n} ()$ . This considerably extends the range of validity of the above formula, which was previously known...

Coleff-Herrera currents, duality, and noetherian operators

Mats Andersson (2011)

Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France

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Let $ℐ$ be a coherent subsheaf of a locally free sheaf $𝒪 (E_{0})$ and suppose that $ℱ = 𝒪 (E_{0}) / ℐ$ has pure codimension. Starting with a residue current $R$ obtained from a locally free resolution of $ℱ$ we construct a vector-valued Coleff-Herrera current $μ$ with support on the variety associated to $ℱ$ such that $φ$ is in $ℐ$ if and only if $μ φ = 0$ . Such a current $μ$ can also be derived algebraically from a fundamental theorem of Roos about the bidualizing functor, and the relation between these two approaches is discussed....

Spreading and vanishing in nonlinear diffusion problems with free boundaries

Yihong Du, Bendong Lou (2015)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

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We study nonlinear diffusion problems of the form $u_{t} = u_{x x} + f (u)$ with free boundaries. Such problems may be used to describe the spreading of a biological or chemical species, with the free boundary representing the expanding front. For special $f (u)$ of the Fisher-KPP type, the problem was investigated by Du and Lin [DL]. Here we consider much more general nonlinear terms. For any $f (u)$ which is $C^{1}$ and satisfies $f (0) = 0$ , we show that the omega limit set $ω (u)$ of every bounded positive solution is determined by a stationary...

Wasserstein metric and subordination

Philippe Clément, Wolfgang Desch (2008)

Studia Mathematica

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Let $(X, d_{X})$ , $(Ω, d_{Ω})$ be complete separable metric spaces. Denote by (X) the space of probability measures on X, by $W_{p}$ the p-Wasserstein metric with some p ∈ [1,∞), and by $_{p} (X)$ the space of probability measures on X with finite Wasserstein distance from any point measure. Let $f : Ω \to_{p} (X)$ , $ω \mapsto f_{ω}$ , be a Borel map such that f is a contraction from $(Ω, d_{Ω})$ into $(_{p} (X), W_{p})$ . Let ν₁,ν₂ be probability measures on Ω with $W_{p} (ν ₁, ν ₂)$ finite. On X we consider the subordinated measures $μ_{i} = \int_{Ω} f_{ω} d ν_{i} (ω)$ . Then $W_{p} (μ ₁, μ ₂) \leq W_{p} (ν ₁, ν ₂)$ . As an application we show that the solution measures $ϱ_{α} (t)$ ...

On the distribution of consecutive square-free primitive roots modulo $p$

Huaning Liu, Hui Dong (2015)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

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A positive integer $n$ is called a square-free number if it is not divisible by a perfect square except $1$ . Let $p$ be an odd prime. For $n$ with $(n, p) = 1$ , the smallest positive integer $f$ such that $n^{f} \equiv 1 (mod p)$ is called the exponent of $n$ modulo $p$ . If the exponent of $n$ modulo $p$ is $p - 1$ , then $n$ is called a primitive root mod $p$ . Let $A (n)$ be the characteristic function of the square-free primitive roots modulo $p$ . In this paper we study the distribution $\sum_{n \leq x} A (n) A (n + 1),$ and give an asymptotic formula by using properties of character...

Convolution operators with anisotropically homogeneous measures on $ℝ^{2 n}$ with n-dimensional support

E. Ferreyra, T. Godoy, M. Urciuolo (2002)

Colloquium Mathematicae

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Let $α_{i}, β_{i} > 0$ , 1 ≤ i ≤ n, and for t > 0 and x = (x₁,...,xₙ) ∈ ℝⁿ, let $t • x = (t^{α ₁} x ₁, . . ., t^{α ₙ} x ₙ)$ , $t \circ x = (t^{β ₁} x ₁, . . ., t^{β ₙ} x ₙ)$ and $| | x | | = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} {| x_{i} |}^{1 / α_{i}}$ . Let φ₁,...,φₙ be real functions in $C^{\infty} (ℝ ⁿ - 0)$ such that φ = (φ₁,..., φₙ) satisfies φ(t • x) = t ∘ φ(x). Let γ > 0 and let μ be the Borel measure on $ℝ^{2 n}$ given by $μ (E) = \int_{ℝ ⁿ} χ_{E} {(x, φ (x)) | | x | |}^{γ - α} d x$ , where $α = \sum_{i = 1}^{n} α_{i}$ and dx denotes the Lebesgue measure on ℝⁿ. Let $T_{μ} f = μ * f$ and let $| | T_{μ} {| |}_{p, q}$ be the operator norm of $T_{μ}$ from $L^{p} (ℝ^{2 n})$ into $L^{q} (ℝ^{2 n})$ , where the $L^{p}$ spaces are taken with respect to the Lebesgue measure. The type set $E_{μ}$ is defined by $E_{μ} = (1 / p, 1 / q) : | | T_{μ} {| |}_{p, q} < \infty, 1 \leq p, q \leq \infty$ . In the case $α_{i} \neq β_{k}$ for 1 ≤ i,k ≤ n we characterize the...

Truncation and Duality Results for Hopf Image Algebras

Teodor Banica (2014)

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Mathematics

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Associated to an Hadamard matrix $H \in M_{N} (ℂ)$ is the spectral measure μ ∈ [0,N] of the corresponding Hopf image algebra, A = C(G) with $G \subset S ⁺_{N}$ . We study a certain family of discrete measures $μ^{r} \in [0, N]$ , coming from the idempotent state theory of G, which converge in Cesàro limit to μ. Our main result is a duality formula of type $\int_{0}^{N} {(x / N)}^{p} d μ^{r} (x) = \int_{0}^{N} {(x / N)}^{r} d ν^{p} (x)$ , where $μ^{r}, ν^{r}$ are the truncations of the spectral measures μ,ν associated to $H, H^{t}$ . We also prove, using these truncations $μ^{r}, ν^{r}$ , that for any deformed Fourier matrix $H = F_{M} \otimes_{Q} F_{N}$ we have μ = ν.

On computation of minimal free resolutions over solvable polynomial algebras

Huishi Li (2015)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

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Let $A = K [a_{1}, ..., a_{n}]$ be a (noncommutative) solvable polynomial algebra over a field $K$ in the sense of A. Kandri-Rody and V. Weispfenning [Non-commutative Gröbner bases in algebras of solvable type, J. Symbolic Comput. 9 (1990), 1–26]. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the computation of minimal free resolutions of modules over $A$ in the following two cases: (1) $A = ⨁_{p \in ℕ} A_{p}$ is an $ℕ$ -graded algebra with the degree-0 homogeneous part $A_{0} = K$ ; (2) $A$ is an $ℕ$ -filtered algebra with the filtration ${F_{p} A}_{p \in ℕ}$ determined by...

Trivialization of $𝒞 (X)$ -algebras with strongly self-absorbing fibres

Marius Dadarlat, Wilhelm Winter (2008)

Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France

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Suppose $A$ is a separable unital $𝒞 (X)$ -algebra each fibre of which is isomorphic to the same strongly self-absorbing and $K_{1}$ -injective $C^{*}$ -algebra $𝒟$ . We show that $A$ and $𝒞 (X) \otimes 𝒟$ are isomorphic as $𝒞 (X)$ -algebras provided the compact Hausdorff space $X$ is finite-dimensional. This statement is known not to extend to the infinite-dimensional case.

Extensions of generic measure-preserving actions

Julien Melleray (2014)

Annales de l’institut Fourier

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We show that, whenever $Γ$ is a countable abelian group and $Δ$ is a finitely-generated subgroup of $Γ$ , a generic measure-preserving action of $Δ$ on a standard atomless probability space $(X, μ)$ extends to a free measure-preserving action of $Γ$ on $(X, μ)$ . This extends a result of Ageev, corresponding to the case when $Δ$ is infinite cyclic.

Curved thin domains and parabolic equations

M. Prizzi, M. Rinaldi, K. P. Rybakowski (2002)

Studia Mathematica

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Consider the family uₜ = Δu + G(u), t > 0, $x \in Ω_{ε}$ , $\partial_{ν_{ε}} u = 0$ , t > 0, $x \in \partial Ω_{ε}$ , $(E_{ε})$ of semilinear Neumann boundary value problems, where, for ε > 0 small, the set $Ω_{ε}$ is a thin domain in $ℝ^{l}$ , possibly with holes, which collapses, as ε → 0⁺, onto a (curved) k-dimensional submanifold of $ℝ^{l}$ . If G is dissipative, then equation $(E_{ε})$ has a global attractor $_{ε}$ . We identify a “limit” equation for the family $(E_{ε})$ , prove convergence of trajectories and establish an upper semicontinuity result for the family $_{ε}$ as ε → 0⁺. ...