Combinatorial systems defined over one- and two-letter alphabets.
We study the succinctness of monadic second-order logic and a variety of monadic fixed point logics on trees. All these languages are known to have the same expressive power on trees, but some can express the same queries much more succinctly than others. For example, we show that, under some complexity theoretic assumption, monadic second-order logic is non-elementarily more succinct than monadic least fixed point logic, which in turn is non-elementarily more succinct than monadic datalog. Succinctness...
We study the succinctness of monadic second-order logic and a variety of monadic fixed point logics on trees. All these languages are known to have the same expressive power on trees, but some can express the same queries much more succinctly than others. For example, we show that, under some complexity theoretic assumption, monadic second-order logic is non-elementarily more succinct than monadic least fixed point logic, which in turn is non-elementarily more succinct than monadic datalog. Succinctness...
If T is a complete theory stronger than ZF such that axiom of extensionality for classes + T + is consistent for 1 (each alone), where are normal formulae then we show AST + + scheme of choice is consistent. As a consequence we get: there is no proper -formula in AST + scheme of choice. Moreover the complexity of the axioms of AST is studied, e.gẇe show axiom of extensionality is -formula, but not -formula and furthermore prolongation axiom, axioms of choice and cardinalities are -formulae,...
Resolving an open problem of Ravikumar and Quan, we show that equivalence of prefix grammars is complete in PSPACE. We also show that membership for these grammars is complete in P (it was known that this problem is in P) and characterize the complexity of equivalence and inclusion for monotonic grammars. For grammars with several premises we show that membership is complete in EXPTIME and hard for PSPACE for monotonic grammars.
Resolving an open problem of Ravikumar and Quan, we show that equivalence of prefix grammars is complete in PSPACE. We also show that membership for these grammars is complete in P (it was known that this problem is in P) and characterize the complexity of equivalence and inclusion for monotonic grammars. For grammars with several premises we show that membership is complete in EXPTIME and hard for PSPACE for monotonic grammars.
We study the notion of computable categoricity of computable structures, comparing it especially to the notion of relative computable categoricity and its relativizations. We show that every 1 decidable computably categorical structure is relatively Δ⁰₂ categorical. We study the complexity of various index sets associated with computable categoricity and relative computable categoricity. We also introduce and study a variation of relative computable categoricity, comparing it to both computable...