Immunity and simplicity for exact counting and other counting classes
Immunity and Simplicity for Exact Counting and Other Counting Classes
Ko [26] and Bruschi [11] independently showed that, in some relativized world, PSPACE (in fact, ⊕P) contains a set that is immune to the polynomial hierarchy (PH). In this paper, we study and settle the question of relativized separations with immunity for PH and the counting classes PP, , and ⊕P in all possible pairwise combinations. Our main result is that there is an oracle A relative to which contains a set that is immune BPP⊕P. In particular, this set is immune to PHA and to ⊕PA. Strengthening...
Impulse noise removal based on new hybrid conjugate gradient approach
Image denoising is a fundamental problem in image processing operations. In this paper, we present a two-phase scheme for the impulse noise removal. In the first phase, noise candidates are identified by the adaptive median filter (AMF) for salt-and-pepper noise. In the second phase, a new hybrid conjugate gradient method is used to minimize an edge-preserving regularization functional. The second phase of our algorithm inherits advantages of both Dai-Yuan (DY) and Hager-Zhang (HZ) conjugate gradient...
Independent instances for some undecidable problems
Index sets in 0'.
Index sets of classes of automatic structures.
Index sets of classes of automatic structures.
Index sets of decidable models.
Infinitary Simultaneous Recursion Theorem.
Infinite products in monoids.
Intuitionistic Frege systems are polynomially equivalent.
Invariant sets in topology and logic
Isols and balanced block designs with
Isomorphism of index sets of discrete families of general recursive functions.