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Effect algebras and ring-like structures

Enrico G. Beltrametti, Maciej J. Maczyński (2003)

Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications

The dichotomic physical quantities, also called propositions, can be naturally associated to maps of the set of states into the real interval [0,1]. We show that the structure of effect algebra associated to such maps can be represented by quasiring structures, which are a generalization of Boolean rings, in such a way that the ring operation of addition can be non-associative and the ring multiplication non-distributive with respect to addition. By some natural assumption on the effect algebra,...

Engel BCI-algebras: an application of left and right commutators

Ardavan Najafi, Arsham Borumand Saeid (2021)

Mathematica Bohemica

We introduce Engel elements in a BCI-algebra by using left and right normed commutators, and some properties of these elements are studied. The notion of n -Engel BCI-algebra as a natural generalization of commutative BCI-algebras is introduced, and we discuss Engel BCI-algebra, which is defined by left and right normed commutators. In particular, we prove that any nilpotent BCI-algebra of type 2 is an Engel BCI-algebra, but solvable BCI-algebras are not Engel, generally. Also, it is proved that...

Entropy on effect algebras with the Riesz decomposition property I: Basic properties

Antonio Di Nola, Anatolij Dvurečenskij, Marek Hyčko, Corrado Manara (2005)

Kybernetika

We define the entropy, lower and upper entropy, and the conditional entropy of a dynamical system consisting of an effect algebra with the Riesz decomposition property, a state, and a transformation. Such effect algebras allow many refinements of two partitions. We present the basic properties of these entropies and these notions are illustrated by many examples. Entropy on MV-algebras is postponed to Part II.

Equational spectrum of Hilbert varieties

R. Padmanabhan, Sergiu Rudeanu (2009)

Open Mathematics

We prove that an equational class of Hilbert algebras cannot be defined by a single equation. In particular Hilbert algebras and implication algebras are not one-based. Also, we use a seminal theorem of Alfred Tarski in equational logic to characterize the set of cardinalities of all finite irredundant bases of the varieties of Hilbert algebras, implication algebras and commutative BCK algebras: all these varieties can be defined by independent bases of n elements, for each n > 1.

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