Complete generators and maximal completions of -algebras
In a groupoid, consider arbitrarily parenthesized expressions on the variables where each appears once and all variables appear in order of their indices. We call these expressions -ary formal products, and denote the set containing all of them by . If are distinct, the statement that and are equal for all values of is a generalized associative law. Among other results, we show that many small groupoids are completely dissociative, meaning that no generalized associative law holds...
Hypersubstitutions are mappings which map operation symbols to terms. The set of all hypersubstitutions of a given type forms a monoid with respect to the composition of operations. Together with a second binary operation, to be written as addition, the set of all hypersubstitutions of a given type forms a left-seminearring. Monoids and left-seminearrings of hypersubstitutions can be used to describe complete sublattices of the lattice of all varieties of algebras of a given type. The complexity...
We show that every function f: A × B → A × B, where |A| ≤ 3 and |B| < ω, can be represented as a composition f₁ ∘ f₂ ∘ f₃ ∘ f₄ of four axial functions, where f₁ is a vertical function. We also prove that for every finite set A of cardinality at least 3, there exist a finite set B and a function f: A × B → A × B such that f ≠ f₁ ∘ f₂ ∘ f₃ ∘ f₄ for any axial functions f₁, f₂, f₃, f₄, whenever f₁ is a horizontal function.
A vector is said to be an eigenvector of a square max-min matrix if . An eigenvector of is called the greatest -eigenvector of if and for each eigenvector . A max-min matrix is called strongly -robust if the orbit reaches the greatest -eigenvector with any starting vector of . We suggest an algorithm for computing the greatest -eigenvector of and study the strong -robustness. The necessary and sufficient conditions for strong -robustness are introduced and an efficient...