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On the Fundamental Group of self-affine plane Tiles

Jun Luo, Jörg M. Thuswaldner (2006)

Annales de l’institut Fourier

Let A 2 × 2 be an expanding matrix, 𝒟 2 a set with | det ( A ) | elements and define 𝒯 via the set equation A 𝒯 = 𝒯 + 𝒟 . If the two-dimensional Lebesgue measure of 𝒯 is positive we call 𝒯 a self-affine plane tile. In the present paper we are concerned with topological properties of 𝒯 . We show that the fundamental group π 1 ( 𝒯 ) of 𝒯 is either trivial or uncountable and provide criteria for the triviality as well as the uncountability of π 1 ( 𝒯 ) . Furthermore, we give a short proof of the fact that the closure of each component of int ( 𝒯 ) is a locally...

On the heights of power digraphs modulo n

Uzma Ahmad, Husnine Syed (2012)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

A power digraph, denoted by G ( n , k ) , is a directed graph with n = { 0 , 1 , , n - 1 } as the set of vertices and E = { ( a , b ) : a k b ( mod n ) } as the edge set. In this paper we extend the work done by Lawrence Somer and Michal Křížek: On a connection of number theory with graph theory, Czech. Math. J. 54 (2004), 465–485, and Lawrence Somer and Michal Křížek: Structure of digraphs associated with quadratic congruences with composite moduli, Discrete Math. 306 (2006), 2174–2185. The heights of the vertices and the components of G ( n , k ) for n 1 and k 2 are determined....

On the index of an odd perfect number

Feng-Juan Chen, Yong-Gao Chen (2014)

Colloquium Mathematicae

Suppose that N is an odd perfect number and q α is a prime power with q α | | N . Define the index m = σ ( N / q α ) / q α . We prove that m cannot take the form p 2 u , where u is a positive integer and 2u+1 is composite. We also prove that, if q is the Euler prime, then m cannot take any of the 30 forms q₁, q₁², q₁³, q₁⁴, q₁⁵, q₁⁶, q₁⁷, q₁⁸, q₁q₂, q₁²q₂, q₁³q₂, q₁⁴ q₂, q₁⁵q₂, q₁²q₂², q₁³q₂², q₁⁴q₂², q₁q₂q₃, q₁²q₂q₃, q₁³q₂q₃, q₁⁴q₂q₃, q₁²q₂²q₃, q₁²q₂²q₃², q₁q₂q₃q₄, q₁²q₂q₃q₄, q₁³q₂q₃q₄, q₁²q₂²q₃q₄, q₁q₂q₃q₄q₅, q₁²q₂q₃q₄q₅, q₁q₂q₃q₄q₅q₆,...

On the largest prime factor of n ! + 2 n - 1

Florian Luca, Igor E. Shparlinski (2005)

Journal de Théorie des Nombres de Bordeaux

For an integer n 2 we denote by P ( n ) the largest prime factor of n . We obtain several upper bounds on the number of solutions of congruences of the form n ! + 2 n - 1 0 ( mod q ) and use these bounds to show that lim sup n P ( n ! + 2 n - 1 ) / n ( 2 π 2 + 3 ) / 18 .

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