This paper investigates the system of equations $$x^2+a{y}^m=z_1^2,x^2-a{y}^m=z_2^2$$ in positive integers $x$, $y$, $z_1$, $z_2$, where $a$ and $m$ are positive integers with $m\ge 3$. In case of $m=2$ we would obtain the classical problem of congruent numbers. We provide a procedure to solve the simultaneous equations above for a class of the coefficient $a$ with the condition $gcd(x,z_1)=gcd(x,z_2)=gcd(z_1,z_2)=1$. Further, under same condition, we even prove a finiteness theorem for arbitrary nonzero $a$.

Let p be an odd prime number. In this paper, we are concerned with the behaviour of Fermat curves defined over ℚ, given by equations $a{x}^p+b{y}^p+c{z}^p=0$, with respect to the local-global Hasse principle. It is conjectured that there exist infinitely many Fermat curves of exponent p which are counterexamples to the Hasse principle. This is a consequence of the abc-conjecture if p ≥ 5. Using a cyclotomic approach due to H. Cohen and Chebotarev’s density theorem, we obtain a partial result towards this conjecture, by...

We consider the Diophantine equation $(x+y)(x²+Bxy+y²)=D{z}^p$, where B, D are integers (B ≠ ±2, D ≠ 0) and p is a prime >5. We give Kraus type criteria of nonsolvability for this equation (explicitly, for many B and D) in terms of Galois representations and modular forms. We apply these criteria to numerous equations (with B = 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, specific D’s, and p ∈ (10,10⁶)). In the last section we discuss reductions of the above Diophantine equations to those of signature (p,p,2).