Products of conjugacy classes in perfect linear groups. Extended covering number.
Chevalley’s theorem states that every smooth connected algebraic group over a perfect field is an extension of an abelian variety by a smooth connected affine group. That fails when the base field is not perfect. We define a pseudo-abelian variety over an arbitrary field to be a smooth connected -group in which every smooth connected affine normal -subgroup is trivial. This gives a new point of view on the classification of algebraic groups: every smooth connected group over a field is an extension...
The intrinsic differential Galois group is a twisted form of the standard differential Galois group, defined over the base differential field. We exhibit several constraints for the inverse problem of differential Galois theory to have a solution in this intrinsic setting, and show by explicit computations that they are sufficient in a (very) special situation.