$S$-measures are special fuzzy measures decomposable with respect to some fixed t-conorm $S$. We investigate the relationship of $S$-measures with some distinguished properties of fuzzy measures, such as subadditivity, submodularity, belief, etc. We show, for example, that each $S_P$-measure is a plausibility measure, and that each $S$-measure is submodular whenever $S$ is 1-Lipschitz.

The core of the expert knowledge is typically represented by a set of rules (implications) assigned with weights specifying their (un)certainties. In the paper, a method for hierarchical selection and correction of expert's weighted rules is described particularly in the case when Łukasiewicz's fuzzy logic with evaluated syntax for dealing with weights is used.

When proposing and processing uncertainty decision-making algorithms of various kinds and purposes, we more and more often meet probability distributions ascribing non-numerical uncertainty degrees to random events. The reason is that we have to process systems of uncertainties for which the classical conditions like $\sigma$-additivity or linear ordering of values are too restrictive to define sufficiently closely the nature of uncertainty we would like to specify and process. In cases of non-numerical...

Parametric software cost estimation models are well-known and widely used estimation tools, and several fuzzy extensions have been proposed to introduce a explicit handling of imprecision and uncertainty as part of them. Nonetheless, such extensions do not consider two basic facts that affect the inputs of software cost parametric models: cost drivers are often expressed through vague linguistic categories, and in many cases cost drivers are better expressed in terms of aggregations of second-level...

We prove the following theorems: There exists an $\omega$-covering with the property $s_0$. Under $\mathrm{c}ov\left(𝒩\right)=$ there exists $X$ such that ${\forall }_{B\in ℬor}[B\cap X$ is not an $\omega$-covering or $X\setminus B$ is not an $\omega$-covering]. Also we characterize the property of being an $\omega$-covering.

We study general continuity properties for an increasing family of Banach spaces $S_w^p$ of classes for pseudo-differential symbols, where $S_w^{\infty }=S_w$ was introduced by J. Sjöstrand in 1993. We prove that the operators in $\mathrm{Op}\left(S_w^p\right)$ are Schatten-von Neumann operators of order $p$ on $L^2$. We prove also that $\mathrm{Op}\left(S_w^p\right)\mathrm{Op}\left(S_w^r\right)\subset \mathrm{Op}\left(S_w^r\right)$ and $S_w^p·S_w^q\subset S_w^r$, provided $1/p+1/q=1/r$. If instead $1/p+1/q=1+1/r$, then $S_w^{p}w*S_w^q\subset S_w^r$. By modifying the definition of the $S_w^p$-spaces, one also obtains symbol classes related to the $S(m,g)$ spaces.

The investigation of orthocomplemented lattices with a symmetric difference initiated the following question: Which orthomodular lattice can be embedded in an orthomodular lattice that allows for a symmetric difference? In this paper we present a necessary condition for such an embedding to exist. The condition is expressed in terms of $Z_2$-valued states and enables one, as a consequence, to clarify the situation in the important case of the lattice of projections in a Hilbert space.