Some inequalities for commutators and an application to spectral variation.
Let A, B be positive operators on a Hilbert space with 0 < m ≤ A, B ≤ M. Then for every unital positive linear map Φ, Φ²((A + B)/2) ≤ K²(h)Φ²(A ♯ B), and Φ²((A+B)/2) ≤ K²(h)(Φ(A) ♯ Φ(B))², where A ♯ B is the geometric mean and K(h) = (h+1)²/(4h) with h = M/m.
Let T: C¹(ℝ) → C(ℝ) be an operator satisfying the “chain rule inequality” T(f∘g) ≤ (Tf)∘g⋅Tg, f,g ∈ C¹(ℝ). Imposing a weak continuity and a non-degeneracy condition on T, we determine the form of all maps T satisfying this inequality together with T(-Id)(0) < 0. They have the form Tf = ⎧ , f’ ≥ 0, ⎨ ⎩ , f’ < 0, with p > 0, H ∈ C(ℝ), A ≥ 1. For A = 1, these are just the solutions of the chain rule operator equation. To prove this, we characterize the submultiplicative, measurable functions...