Let $P_t$ be the Markov semigroup generated by a weighted Laplace operator on a Riemannian manifold, with μ an invariant probability measure. If the curvature associated with the generator is bounded below, then the exponential convergence of $P_t$ in L¹(μ) implies its hypercontractivity. Consequently, under this curvature condition L¹-convergence is a property stronger than hypercontractivity but weaker than ultracontractivity. Two examples are presented to show that in general, however, L¹-convergence...

Let Ω be an open subset of ${ℝ}^d$ with 0 ∈ Ω. Furthermore, let $H_{\Omega }=-{\sum }_{i,j=1}^d{\partial }_i{c}_{ij}{\partial }_j$ be a second-order partial differential operator with domain $C_c^{\infty }\left(\Omega \right)$ where the coefficients $c_{ij}\in W_{loc}^{1,\infty }\left(\Omega ̅\right)$ are real, $c_{ij}=c_{ji}$ and the coefficient matrix $C=\left(c_{ij}\right)$ satisfies bounds 0 < C(x) ≤ c(|x|)I for all x ∈ Ω. If ${\int }_0^{\infty }ds{s}^{d/2}{e}^{-\lambda \mu \left(s\right)²}<\infty$ for some λ > 0 where $\mu \left(s\right)={\int }_0^{s}dtc{\left(t\right)}^{-1/2}$ then we establish that $H_{\Omega }$ is L₁-unique, i.e. it has a unique L₁-extension which generates a continuous semigroup, if and only if it is Markov unique, i.e. it has a unique L₂-extension which generates a submarkovian semigroup. Moreover...

We start with a general time-homogeneous scalar diffusion whose state space is an interval I ⊆ ℝ. If it is started at x ∈ I, then we consider the problem of imposing upper and/or lower boundary conditions at two points a,b ∈ I, where a < x < b. Using a simple integral identity, we derive general expressions for the Laplace transform of the transition density of the process, if killing or reflecting boundaries are specified. We also obtain a number of useful expressions for the Laplace transforms...

In this paper we show that from an estimate of the form $su{p}_{t\ge 0}\left|\right|C\left(t\right)-cos\left(at\right)I\left|\right|<1$, we can conclude that C(t) equals cos(at)I. Here ${\left(C\left(t\right)\right)}_{t\ge 0}$ is a strongly continuous cosine family on a Banach space.

The nonlocal boundary value problems for linear and nonlinear degenerate abstract differential equations of arbitrary order are studied. The equations have the variable coefficients and small parameters in principal part. The separability properties for linear problem, sharp coercive estimates for resolvent, discreetness of spectrum and completeness of root elements of the corresponding differential operator are obtained. Moreover, optimal regularity properties for nonlinear problem is established....