We develop the theory of topological Hurewicz test pairs: a concept which allows us to distinguish the classes of the Borel hierarchy by Baire category in a suitable topology. As an application we show that for every ${\Pi }_{\xi }^0$ and not ${\Sigma }_{\xi }^0$ subset $P$ of a Polish space $X$ there is a $\sigma$-ideal $ℐ\subseteq 2^X$ such that $P\notin ℐ$ but for every ${\Sigma }_{\xi }^0$ set $B\subseteq P$ there is a ${\Pi }_{\xi }^0$ set $B^{\text{'}}\subseteq P$ satisfying $B\subseteq B^{\text{'}}\in ℐ$. We also discuss several other results and problems related to ideal generation and Hurewicz test pairs.

We give a description of possible sets of cycle lengths for distance-decreasing maps and isometries of the ring of n-adic integers.

Michael Handel proved the existence of a fixed point for an orientation preserving homeomorphism of the open unit disk that can be extended to the closed disk, provided that it has points whose orbits form an oriented cycle of links at infinity. More recently, the author generalized Handel's theorem to a wider class of cycles of links. In this paper we complete this topic describing exactly which are all the cycles of links forcing the existence of a fixed point.

In this paper we introduce generalized cyclic contractions through $r$ number of subsets of a probabilistic 2-metric space and establish two fixed point results for such contractions. In our first theorem we use the Hadzic type $t$-norm. In another theorem we use a control function with minimum $t$-norm. Our results generalizes some existing fixed point theorem in 2-Menger spaces. The results are supported with some examples.

The main results of this paper are: 1. No topologically transitive cocycle ${ℝ}^m$-extension of minimal rotation on the unit circle by a continuous real-valued bounded variation ℤ-cocycle admits minimal subsets. 2. A minimal rotation on a compact metric monothetic group does not admit a topologically transitive real-valued cocycle if and only if the group is finite.

It is proved that the cylinder X × I over a λ-dendroid X has the fixed point property. The proof uses results of [9] and [10].

Jayne and Rogers proved that every function from an analytic space into a separable metrizable space is decomposable into countably many continuous functions with closed domains if and only if the preimage of each $F_{\sigma }$ set under that function is again $F_{\sigma }$. Many researchers conjectured that the Jayne-Rogers theorem can be generalized to all finite levels of Borel functions. In this paper, by using the Shore-Slaman join theorem on the Turing degrees, we show the following variant of the Jayne-Rogers theorem...

For a continuous map f from a real compact interval I into itself, we consider the set C(f) of points (x,y) ∈ I² for which $limin{f}_{n\to \infty }|f^n\left(x\right)-f^n\left(y\right)|=0$ and $limsu{p}_{n\to \infty }|f^n\left(x\right)-f^n\left(y\right)|>0$. We prove that if C(f) has full Lebesgue measure then it is residual, but the converse may not hold. Also, if λ² denotes the Lebesgue measure on the square and Ch(f) is the set of points (x,y) ∈ C(f) for which neither x nor y are asymptotically periodic, we show that λ²(C(f)) > 0 need not imply λ²(Ch(f)) > 0. We use these results to propose some plausible definitions...

According to A. Lasota, a continuous function $f$ from a real compact interval $I$ into itself is called generically chaotic if the set of all points $(x,y)$, for which ${lim\; inf}_{n\to \infty }|f^n\left(x\right)-f^n\left(y\right)|=0$ and ${lim\; sup}_{n\to \infty }|f^n\left(x\right)-f^n\left(y\right)|>0$, is residual in $I\times I$. Being inspired by this definition we say that $f$ is densely chaotic if this set is dense in $I\times I$. A characterization of the generically chaotic functions is known. In the paper the densely chaotic functions are characterized and it is proved that in the class of piecewise monotone maps with finite number of pieces the...

Let ν be a positive measure on a σ-algebra Σ of subsets of some set and let X be a Banach space. Denote by ca(Σ,X) the Banach space of X-valued measures on Σ, equipped with the uniform norm, and by ca(Σ,ν,X) its closed subspace consisting of those measures which vanish at every ν-null set. We are concerned with the subsets ${}_{\nu }\left(X\right)$ and ${}_{\nu }\left(X\right)$ of ca(Σ,X) defined by the conditions |φ| = ν and |φ| ≥ ν, respectively, where |φ| stands for the variation of φ ∈ ca(Σ,X). We establish necessary and sufficient conditions...

Transformations T:[0,1] → [0,1] with two monotonic pieces are considered. Under the assumption that T is topologically transitive and $h_{top}\left(T\right)>0$, it is proved that the invariant measures concentrated on periodic orbits are dense in the set of all invariant probability measures.

We relate some subsets $G$ of the product $X\times Y$ of nonseparable Luzin (e.g., completely metrizable) spaces to subsets $H$ of ${\mathbb{N}}^{\mathbb{N}}\times Y$ in a way which allows to deduce descriptive properties of $G$ from corresponding theorems on $H$. As consequences we prove a nonseparable version of Kondô’s uniformization theorem and results on sets of points $y$ in $Y$ with particular properties of fibres $f^{-1}\left(y\right)$ of a mapping $fX\to Y$. Using these, we get descriptions of bimeasurable mappings between nonseparable Luzin spaces in terms of fibres.

We study the descriptive set theoretical complexity of various randomness notions.