Small hyperbolic 3-manifolds with geodesic boundary.
Given a model 2-complex K P of a group presentation P, we associate to it an integer matrix ΔP and we prove that a cellular map f: K P → S 2 is root free (is not strongly surjective) if and only if the diophantine linear system ΔP Y = (f) has an integer solution, here (f)is the so-called vector-degree of f
We prove that if a group acts properly and cocompactly on a systolic complex, in whose 1-skeleton there is no isometrically embedded copy of the 1-skeleton of an equilaterally triangulated Euclidean plane, then the group is word-hyperbolic. This was conjectured by D. T. Wise.