The paper studies the structure of the ring A of arithmetical functions, where the multiplication is defined as the Dirichlet convolution. It is proven that A itself is not a discrete valuation ring, but a certain extension of it is constructed,this extension being a discrete valuation ring. Finally, the metric structure of the ring A is examined.

Introduction. Recently J. Rutkowski (see [3]) has defined the p-adic analogue of the Walsh system, which we shall denote by ${\left(\varphi ₘ\right)}_{m\in \mathbb{N}₀}$. The system ${\left(\varphi ₘ\right)}_{m\in \mathbb{N}₀}$ is defined in the space C(ℤₚ,ℂₚ) of ℂₚ-valued continuous functions on ℤₚ. J. Rutkowski has also considered some questions concerning expansions of functions from C(ℤₚ,ℂₚ) with respect to ${\left(\varphi ₘ\right)}_{m\in \mathbb{N}₀}$. This paper is a remark to Rutkowski’s paper. We define another system ${\left(hₙ\right)}_{n\in \mathbb{N}₀}$ in C(ℤₚ,ℂₚ), investigate its properties and compare it to the system defined by Rutkowski. The system...

We show that the number of squares in an arithmetic progression of length $N$ is at most $c_1{N}^{3/5}{\left(\log N\right)}^{c_2}$, for certain absolute positive constants $c_1$, $c_2$. This improves the previous result of Bombieri, Granville and Pintz [1], where one had the exponent $\frac{2}{3}$ in place of our $\frac{3}{5}$. The proof uses the same ideas as in [1], but introduces a substantial simplification by working only with elliptic curves rather than curves of genus $5$ as in [1].

Let A be a multiplicative subgroup of $\mathbb{Z}{*}_p$. Define the k-fold sumset of A to be $kA=x_1+...+x_k:x_i\in A,1\le i\le k$. We show that $6A\supseteq \mathbb{Z}{*}_p$ for $\left|A\right|>p^{11/23+ϵ}$. In addition, we extend a result of Shkredov to show that ${\left|2A\right|\gg \left|A\right|}^{8/5-ϵ}$ for $\left|A\right|\ll p^{5/9}$.

Let a,b,c be fixed coprime positive integers with mina,b,c > 1, and let m = maxa,b,c. Using the Gel’fond-Baker method, we prove that all positive integer solutions (x,y,z) of the equation $a^x+b^y=c^z$ satisfy maxx,y,z < 155000(log m)³. Moreover, using that result, we prove that if a,b,c satisfy certain divisibility conditions and m is large enough, then the equation has at most one solution (x,y,z) with minx,y,z > 1.

In the paper we discuss the following type congruences: $$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n{p}^k}{m{p}^k}\right)\equiv \left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)(mod{p}^r),$$ where $p$ is a prime, $n$, $m$, $k$ and $r$ are various positive integers with $n\ge m\ge 1$, $k\ge 1$ and $r\ge 1$. Given positive integers $k$ and $r$, denote by $W(k,r)$ the set of all primes $p$ such that the above congruence holds for every pair of integers $n\ge m\ge 1$. Using Ljunggren’s and Jacobsthal’s type congruences, we establish several characterizations of sets $W(k,r)$ and inclusion relations between them for various values $k$ and $r$. In particular, we prove that $W(k+i,r)=W(k-1,r)$ for all $k\ge 2$, $i\ge 0$ and $3\le r\le 3k$, and $W(k,r)=W(1,r)$ for...

In this note we prove that the equation $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{k}{2}\right)-1=q^n+1$, $q\ge 2,n\ge 3$, has only finitely many positive integer solutions $(k,q,n)$. Moreover, all solutions $(k,q,n)$ satisfy $k{10}^{{10}^{182}}$, $q{10}^{{10}^{165}}$ and $n2·{10}^{17}$.

We consider the Brocard-Ramanujan type Diophantine equation P(z) = n! + m!, where P is a polynomial with rational coefficients. We show that the ABC Conjecture implies that this equation has only finitely many integer solutions when d ≥ 2 and $P\left(z\right)=a_d{z}^d+a_{d-3}{z}^{d-3}+\cdots +a₁x+a₀$.