Gaps in the spectrum of Nathanson heights of projective points.
An elementary approach is shown which derives the values of the Gauss sums over , p odd, of a cubic character. New links between Gauss sums over different field extensions are shown in terms of factorizations of the Gauss sums themselves, which are then revisited in terms of prime ideal decompositions. Interestingly, one of these results gives a representation of primes p of the form 6k+1 by a binary quadratic form in integers of a subfield of the cyclotomic field of the pth roots of unity.
By an elementary approach, we derive the value of the Gauss sum of a cubic character over a finite field without using Davenport-Hasse’s theorem (namely, if s is odd the Gauss sum is -1, and if s is even its value is ).
Gaussian integer is one of basic algebraic integers. In this article we formalize some definitions about Gaussian integers [27]. We also formalize ring (called Gaussian integer ring), Z-module and Z-algebra generated by Gaussian integer mentioned above. Moreover, we formalize some definitions about Gaussian rational numbers and Gaussian rational number field. Then we prove that the Gaussian rational number field and a quotient field of the Gaussian integer ring are isomorphic.