In this paper we investigate the related comparability over exchange rings. It is shown that an exchange ring R satisfies the related comparability if and only if for any regular x C R, there exists a related unit w C R and a group G in R such that wx C G.
We characterize exchange rings having stable range one. An exchange ring has stable range one if and only if for any regular , there exist an and a such that and if and only if for any regular , there exist and such that if and only if for any , .
By a rotation in a Euclidean space V of even dimension we mean an orthogonal linear operator on V which is an orthogonal direct sum of rotations in 2-dimensional linear subspaces of V by a common angle α ∈ [0,π]. We present a criterion for the existence of a 2-dimensional subspace of V which is invariant under a given pair of rotations, in terms of the vanishing of a determinant associated with that pair. This criterion is constructive, whenever it is satisfied. It is also used to prove that every...
An -module is said to be an extending module if every closed submodule of is a direct summand. In this paper we introduce and investigate the concept of a type 2 -extending module, where is a hereditary torsion theory on -. An -module is called type 2 -extending if every type 2 -closed submodule of is a direct summand of . If is the torsion theory on - corresponding to an idempotent ideal of and is a type 2 -extending -module, then the question of whether or not is...
For a ring R and a right R-module M, a submodule N of M is said to be δ-small in M if, whenever N+X=M with M/X singular, we have X=M. Let ℘ be the class of all singular simple modules. Then δ(M)=Σ{ L≤ M| L is a δ-small submodule of M} = Re jm(℘)=∩{ N⊂ M: M/N∈℘. We call M δ-coatomic module whenever N≤ M and M/N=δ(M/N) then M/N=0. And R is called right (left) δ-coatomic ring if the right (left) R-module R R(RR) is δ-coatomic. In this note, we study δ-coatomic modules and ring. We prove M=⊕i=1n Mi...
This paper may be viewed as having two aims. First, we continue our study of algebras of operators on a Hilbert space which have a contractive approximate identity, this time from a more Banach-algebraic point of view. Namely, we mainly investigate topics concerned with the ideal structure, and hereditary subalgebras (or HSA's, which are in some sense a generalization of ideals). Second, we study properties of operator algebras which are hereditary subalgebras in their bidual, or equivalently which...