For $K=K_1\bigsqcup ...\bigsqcup K_s$ and a link map $f:K\to {ℝ}^m$ let $K^{\sim }={\bigsqcup }_{i<j}{K}_i\times K_j$, define a map $f^{\sim }:K^{\sim }\to S^{m-1}$ by $f^{\sim }(x,y)=(fx-fy)/|fx-fy|$ and a (generalized) Massey-Rolfsen invariant $\alpha \left(f\right)\in {\pi }^{m-1}\left(K\right)$ to be the homotopy class of $f^{\sim }$. We prove that for a polyhedron K of dimension ≤ m - 2 under certain (weakened metastable) dimension restrictions, α is an onto or a 1 - 1 map from the set of link maps $f:K\to {ℝ}^m$ up to link concordance to ${\pi }^{m-1}\left(K^{\sim }\right)$. If $K_1,...,K_s$ are closed highly homologically connected manifolds of dimension $p_1,...,p_s$ (in particular, homology spheres), then ${\pi }^{m-1}\left(K^{\sim }\right)\cong {\oplus }_{i<j}{\pi }_{p_i+p_j-m+1}^S$.

In this paper, we prove the genericity of the observability for discrete-time systems with more outputs than inputs.

In this paper, we prove the genericity of the observability for discrete-time systems with more outputs than inputs.

The group of real analytic diffeomorphisms of a real analytic manifold is a rich group. It is dense in the group of smooth diffeomorphisms. Herman showed that for the $n$-dimensional torus, its identity component is a simple group. For $U\left(1\right)$ fibered manifolds, for manifolds admitting special semi-free $U\left(1\right)$ actions and for 2- or 3-dimensional manifolds with nontrivial $U\left(1\right)$ actions, we show that the identity component of the group of real analytic diffeomorphisms is a perfect group.

In questo articolo studiamo i gruppi ${\mathrm{\Theta }}_h^{\mathcal{F}}$ di una sfera $S^n$ e proviamo che il gruppo ${\mathrm{\Theta }}_n^{\mathcal{F}}\left(S^n,x_0\right)$ è isomorfo all'ennesimo gruppo di omotopia di $\left(S^n,x_0\right)$, nell'ipotesi che $\mathcal{F}$ sia una classe coconnessa di links ammissibili.