Let A be a multiplicative subgroup of $\mathbb{Z}{*}_p$. Define the k-fold sumset of A to be $kA=x_1+...+x_k:x_i\in A,1\le i\le k$. We show that $6A\supseteq \mathbb{Z}{*}_p$ for $\left|A\right|>p^{11/23+ϵ}$. In addition, we extend a result of Shkredov to show that ${\left|2A\right|\gg \left|A\right|}^{8/5-ϵ}$ for $\left|A\right|\ll p^{5/9}$.

Let $\sigma =\{{\sigma }_i:i\in I\}$ be some partition of the set of all primes $\mathbb{P}$, $G$ be a finite group and $\sigma \left(G\right)=\{{\sigma }_i:{\sigma }_i\cap \pi \left(G\right)\ne \varnothing \}$. A set $\mathscr{H}$ of subgroups of $G$ is said to be a complete Hall $\sigma$-set of $G$ if every non-identity member of $\mathscr{H}$ is a Hall ${\sigma }_i$-subgroup of $G$ and $\mathscr{H}$ contains exactly one Hall ${\sigma }_i$-subgroup of $G$ for every ${\sigma }_i\in \sigma \left(G\right)$. $G$ is said to be $\sigma$-full if $G$ possesses a complete Hall $\sigma$-set. A subgroup $H$ of $G$ is $\sigma$-permutable in $G$ if $G$ possesses a complete Hall $\sigma$-set $\mathscr{H}$ such that $H{A}^x$= $A^{x}H$ for all $A\in \mathscr{H}$ and all $x\in G$. A subgroup $H$ of $G$ is $\sigma$-permutably embedded in...

We prove that almost all positive even integers $n$ can be represented as $p_2^2+p_3^3+p_4^4+p_5^5$ with $|p_k^k-\frac{1}{4}N|\le N^{1-1/54+\epsilon }$ for $2\le k\le 5$. As a consequence, we show that each sufficiently large odd integer $N$ can be written as $p_1+p_2^2+p_3^3+p_4^4+p_5^5$ with $|p_k^k-\frac{1}{5}N|\le N^{1-1/54+\epsilon }$ for $1\le k\le 5$.

We study sums and products in a field. Let $F$ be a field with $\mathrm{ch}\left(F\right)\ne 2$, where $\mathrm{ch}\left(F\right)$ is the characteristic of $F$. For any integer $k\ge 4$, we show that any $x\in F$ can be written as $a_1+\cdots +a_k$ with $a_1,\cdots ,a_k\in F$ and $a_1\cdots a_k=1$, and that for any $\alpha \in F\setminus \left\{0\right\}$ we can write every $x\in F$ as $a_1\cdots a_k$ with $a_1,\cdots ,a_k\in F$ and $a_1+\cdots +a_k=\alpha$. We also prove that for any $x\in F$ and $k\in \{2,3,\cdots \}$ there are $a_1,\cdots ,a_{2k}\in F$ such that $a_1+\cdots +a_{2k}=x=a_1\cdots a_{2k}$.

We study the group structure in terms of the number of Sylow $p$-subgroups, which is denoted by $n_p\left(G\right)$. The first part is on the group structure of finite group $G$ such that $n_p\left(G\right)=n_p(G/N)$, where $N$ is a normal subgroup of $G$. The second part is on the average Sylow number $\mathrm{asn}\left(G\right)$ and we prove that if $G$ is a finite nonsolvable group with $\mathrm{asn}\left(G\right)<39/4$ and $\mathrm{asn}\left(G\right)\ne 29/4$, then $G/F\left(G\right)\cong A_5$, where $F\left(G\right)$ is the Fitting subgroup of $G$. In the third part, we study the nonsolvable group with small sum of Sylow numbers.

A subgroup $H$ of a finite group $G$ is said to be $ss$-supplemented in $G$ if there exists a subgroup $K$ of $G$ such that $G=HK$ and $H\cap K$ is $s$-permutable in $K$. In this paper, we first give an example to show that the conjecture in A. A. Heliel’s paper (2014) has negative solutions. Next, we prove that a finite group $G$ is solvable if every subgroup of odd prime order of $G$ is $ss$-supplemented in $G$, and that $G$ is solvable if and only if every Sylow subgroup of odd order of $G$ is $ss$-supplemented in $G$. These results...

A subgroup $H$ of a finite group $G$ is said to be conjugate-permutable if $H{H}^g=H^{g}H$ for all $g\in G$. More generaly, if we limit the element $g$ to a subgroup $R$ of $G$, then we say that the subgroup $H$ is $R$-conjugate-permutable. By means of the $R$-conjugate-permutable subgroups, we investigate the relationship between the nilpotence of $G$ and the $R$-conjugate-permutability of the Sylow subgroups of $A$ and $B$ under the condition that $G=AB$, where $A$ and $B$ are subgroups of $G$. Some results known in the literature are improved...

Let $N$ be a normal subgroup of a group $G$. The structure of $N$ is given when the $G$-conjugacy class sizes of $N$ is a set of a special kind. In fact, we give the structure of a normal subgroup $N$ under the assumption that the set of $G$-conjugacy class sizes of $N$ is $(p_{1n_1}^{a_{1n_1}},\cdots ,p_{11}^{a_{11}},1)\times \cdots \times (p_{r{n}_r}^{a_{r{n}_r}},\cdots ,p_{r1}^{a_{r1}},1)$, where $r>1$, $n_i>1$ and $p_{ij}$ are distinct primes for $i\in \{1,2,\cdots ,r\}$, $j\in \{1,2,\cdots ,n_i\}$.

Given a Tychonoff space $X$ and an infinite cardinal $\kappa$, we prove that exponential $\kappa$-domination in $X$ is equivalent to exponential $\kappa$-cofinality of $C_p\left(X\right)$. On the other hand, exponential $\kappa$-cofinality of $X$ is equivalent to exponential $\kappa$-domination in $C_p\left(X\right)$. We show that every exponentially $\kappa$-cofinal space $X$ has a ${\kappa }^{+}$-small diagonal; besides, if $X$ is $\kappa$-stable, then $nw\left(X\right)\le \kappa$. In particular, any compact exponentially $\kappa$-cofinal space has weight not exceeding $\kappa$. We also establish that any exponentially $\kappa$-cofinal...

The sequence of balancing numbers $\left(B_n\right)$ is defined by the recurrence relation $B_n=6B_{n-1}-B_{n-2}$ for $n\ge 2$ with initial conditions $B_0=0$ and $B_1=1.$ $B_n$ is called the $n$th balancing number. In this paper, we find all repdigits in the base $b,$ which are sums of four balancing numbers. As a result of our theorem, we state that if $B_n$ is repdigit in the base $b$ and has at least two digits, then $(n,b)=(2,5),(3,6)$. Namely, $B_2=6={\left(11\right)}_5$ and $B_3=35={\left(55\right)}_6.$

A group $G$ has all of its subgroups normal-by-finite if $H/H_G$ is finite for all subgroups $H$ of $G$. The Tarski-groups provide examples of $p$-groups ($p$ a “large” prime) of nonlocally finite groups in which every subgroup is normal-by-finite. The aim of this paper is to prove that a $2$-group with every subgroup normal-by-finite is locally finite. We also prove that if $|H/H_G|\le 2$ for every subgroup $H$ of $G$, then $G$ contains an Abelian subgroup of index at most $8$.

We show that a finite nonabelian characteristically simple group $G$ satisfies $n=\left|\pi \right(G\left)\right|+2$ if and only if $G\cong A_5$, where $n$ is the number of isomorphism classes of derived subgroups of $G$ and $\pi \left(G\right)$ is the set of prime divisors of the group $G$. Also, we give a negative answer to a question raised in M. Zarrin (2014).

For a finite group $G$ and a fixed Sylow $p$-subgroup $P$ of $G$, Ballester-Bolinches and Guo proved in 2000 that $G$ is $p$-nilpotent if every element of $P\cap G^{\text{'}}$ with order $p$ lies in the center of $N_G\left(P\right)$ and when $p=2$, either every element of $P\cap G^{\text{'}}$ with order $4$ lies in the center of $N_G\left(P\right)$ or $P$ is quaternion-free and $N_G\left(P\right)$ is $2$-nilpotent. Asaad introduced weakly pronormal subgroup of $G$ in 2014 and proved that $G$ is $p$-nilpotent if every element of $P$ with order $p$ is weakly pronormal in $G$ and when $p=2$, every element of $P$ with...