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Boolean matrices ... neither Boolean nor matrices

Gabriele Ricci (2000)

Discussiones Mathematicae - General Algebra and Applications

Boolean matrices, the incidence matrices of a graph, are known not to be the (universal) matrices of a Boolean algebra. Here, we also show that their usual composition cannot make them the matrices of any algebra. Yet, later on, we "show" that it can. This seeming paradox comes from the hidden intrusion of a widespread set-theoretical (mis) definition and notation and denies its harmlessness. A minor modification of this standard definition might fix it.

Borel and Baire reducibility

Harvey Friedman (2000)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

We prove that a Borel equivalence relation is classifiable by countable structures if and only if it is Borel reducible to a countable level of the hereditarily countable sets. We also prove the following result which was originally claimed in [FS89]: the zero density ideal of sets of natural numbers is not classifiable by countable structures.

Borel chromatic number of closed graphs

Dominique Lecomte, Miroslav Zelený (2016)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

We construct, for each countable ordinal ξ, a closed graph with Borel chromatic number 2 and Baire class ξ chromatic number ℵ₀.

Borel completeness of some ℵ₀-stable theories

Michael C. Laskowski, Saharon Shelah (2015)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

We study ℵ₀-stable theories, and prove that if T either has eni-DOP or is eni-deep, then its class of countable models is Borel complete. We introduce the notion of λ-Borel completeness and prove that such theories are λ-Borel complete. Using this, we conclude that an ℵ₀-stable theory satisfies I , ( T , λ ) = 2 λ for all cardinals λ if and only if T either has eni-DOP or is eni-deep.

Borel extensions of Baire measures in ZFC

Menachem Kojman, Henryk Michalewski (2011)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

We prove: 1) Every Baire measure on the Kojman-Shelah Dowker space admits a Borel extension. 2) If the continuum is not real-valued-measurable then every Baire measure on M. E. Rudin's Dowker space admits a Borel extension. Consequently, Balogh's space remains the only candidate to be a ZFC counterexample to the measure extension problem of the three presently known ZFC Dowker spaces.

Borel partitions of unity and lower Carathéodory multifunctions

S. Srivastava (1995)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

We prove the existence of Carathéodory selections and representations of a closed convex valued, lower Carathéodory multifunction from a set A in A ( ( X ) ) into a separable Banach space Y, where ℰ is a sub-σ-field of the Borel σ-field ℬ(E) of a Polish space E, X is a Polish space and A is the Suslin operation. As applications we obtain random versions of results on extensions of continuous functions and fixed points of multifunctions. Such results are useful in the study of random differential equations...

Borel sets with large squares

Saharon Shelah (1999)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

 For a cardinal μ we give a sufficient condition μ (involving ranks measuring existence of independent sets) for: μ if a Borel set B ⊆ ℝ × ℝ contains a μ-square (i.e. a set of the form A × A with |A| =μ) then it contains a 2 0 -square and even a perfect square, and also for μ ' if ψ L ω 1 , ω has a model of cardinality μ then it has a model of cardinality continuum generated in a “nice”, “absolute” way. Assuming M A + 2 0 > μ for transparency, those three conditions ( μ , μ and μ ' ) are equivalent, and from this we deduce that...

Borel Tukey morphisms and combinatorial cardinal invariants of the continuum

Samuel Coskey, Tamás Mátrai, Juris Steprāns (2013)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

We discuss the Borel Tukey ordering on cardinal invariants of the continuum. We observe that this ordering makes sense for a larger class of cardinals than has previously been considered. We then provide a Borel version of a large portion of van Douwen's diagram. For instance, although the usual proof of the inequality 𝔭 ≤ 𝔟 does not provide a Borel Tukey map, we show that in fact there is one. Afterwards, we revisit a result of Mildenberger concerning a generalization of the unsplitting and splitting...

Borel-Wadge degrees

Alessandro Andretta, Donald A. Martin (2003)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

Two sets of reals are Borel equivalent if one is the Borel pre-image of the other, and a Borel-Wadge degree is a collection of pairwise Borel equivalent subsets of ℝ. In this note we investigate the structure of Borel-Wadge degrees under the assumption of the Axiom of Determinacy.

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