It is proved that the solution to the initial value problem ${\partial }_{t}u=\partial {²}_{x}u+u²$, u(0,x) = 1/(1+x²), does not belong to the Gevrey class $G^s$ in time for 0 ≤ s < 1. The proof is based on an estimation of a double sum of products of binomial coefficients.

Let $a$, $b$ and $c$ be fixed complex numbers. Let $M_n(a,b,c)$ be the $n\times n$ Toeplitz matrix all of whose entries above the diagonal are $a$, all of whose entries below the diagonal are $b$, and all of whose entries on the diagonal are $c$. For $1\le k\le n$, each $k\times k$ principal minor of $M_n(a,b,c)$ has the same value. We find explicit and recursive formulae for the principal minors and the characteristic polynomial of $M_n(a,b,c)$. We also show that all complex polynomials in $M_n(a,b,c)$ are Toeplitz matrices. In particular, the inverse of $M_n(a,b,c)$ is a Toeplitz matrix when...

A slight modification of the proof of Szemerédi’s cube lemma gives that if a set $S\subset [1,n]$ satisfies $\left|S\right|\ge \frac{n}{2}$, then $S$ must contain a non-degenerate Hilbert cube of dimension $\lfloor {log}_2{log}_{2}n-3\rfloor$. In this paper we prove that in a random set $S$ determined by $\mathrm{Pr}\{s\in S\}=\frac{1}{2}$ for $1\le s\le n$, the maximal dimension of non-degenerate Hilbert cubes is a.e. nearly ${log}_2{log}_{2}n+{log}_2{log}_2{log}_{2}n$ and determine the threshold function for a non-degenerate $k$-cube.

Let $p=1+2^{e+1}q$ be an odd prime number with q an odd integer. Let δ (resp. φ) be an odd (resp. even) Dirichlet character of conductor p and order $2^{e+1}$ (resp. order $d_{\phi }$ dividing q), and let ψₙ be an even character of conductor $p^{n+1}$ and order pⁿ. We put χ = δφψₙ, whose value is contained in $Kₙ=\mathbb{Q}\left({\zeta }_{(p-1)pⁿ}\right)$. It is well known that the Bernoulli number $B_{1,\chi }$ is not zero, which is shown in an analytic way. In the extreme cases $d_{\phi }=1$ and q, we show, in an algebraic and elementary manner, a stronger nonvanishing result: $T{r}_{n/1}\left(\xi B_{1,\chi }\right)\ne 0$ for any pⁿth root ξ...

We study the frequency of hypercyclicity of hypercyclic, non–weakly mixing linear operators. In particular, we show that on the space ${\ell }^1\left(\mathbb{N}\right)$, any sublinear frequency can be realized by a non–weakly mixing operator. A weaker but similar result is obtained for $c_0\left(\mathbb{N}\right)$ or ${\ell }^p\left(\mathbb{N}\right)$, $1\&lt;p\&lt;\infty$. Part of our results is related to some Sidon-type lacunarity properties for sequences of natural numbers.