The purpose of this paper is to give a characterization of the closure of the Lizorkin space in spaces of Beppo Levi type. As preparations for the proof, we establish the invariance of the Lizorkin space, and give local integral representations for smooth functions.
If an atomlessly measurable cardinal exists, then the class of Lebesgue measurable functions, the class of Borel functions, and the Baire classes of all orders have the difference property. This gives a consistent positive answer to Laczkovich's Problem 2 [Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hungar. 35 (1980)]. We also give a complete positive answer to Laczkovich's Problem 3 concerning Borel functions with Baire-α differences.
We investigate several natural questions on the differentiability of certain strictly increasing singular functions. Furthermore, motivated by the observation that for each famous singular function f investigated in the past, f’(ξ) = 0 if f’(ξ) exists and is finite, we show how, for example, an increasing real function g can be constructed so that for all rational numbers x and g’(x) = 0 for almost all irrational numbers x.