In the paper, binary 1-Lipschitz aggregation operators and specially quasi-copulas are studied. The characterization of 1-Lipschitz aggregation operators as solutions to a functional equation similar to the Frank functional equation is recalled, and moreover, the importance of quasi-copulas and dual quasi-copulas for describing the structure of 1-Lipschitz aggregation operators with neutral element or annihilator is shown. Also a characterization of quasi-copulas as solutions to a certain functional...

We state and prove a chain rule formula for the composition $T\left(u\right)$ of a vector-valued function $u\in W^{1,r}\left(\mathrm{\Omega };{\mathbb{R}}^M\right)$ by a globally Lipschitz-continuous, piecewise $C^1$ function $T$. We also prove that the map $u\to T\left(u\right)$ is continuous from $W^{1,r}\left(\mathrm{\Omega };{\mathbb{R}}^M\right)$ into $W^{1,r}\left(\mathrm{\Omega }\right)$ for the strong topologies of these spaces.

Let 1 ≤ p < ∞, k ≥ 1, and let Ω ⊂ ℝⁿ be an arbitrary open set. We prove a converse of the Calderón-Zygmund theorem that a function $f\in W^{k,p}\left(\Omega \right)$ possesses an $L^p$ derivative of order k at almost every point x ∈ Ω and obtain a characterization of the space $W^{k,p}\left(\Omega \right)$. Our method is based on distributional arguments and a pointwise inequality due to Bojarski and Hajłasz.

Suppose that, for each point x in a given subset E ⊂ Rn, we are given an m-jet f(x) and a convex, symmetric set σ(x) of m-jets at x. We ask whether there exist a function F ∈ Cm,w(Rn) and a finite constant M, such that the m-jet of F at x belongs to f(x) + Mσ(x) for all x ∈ E. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of such F, M, provided each σ(x) satisfies a condition that we call "Whitnet w-convexity".

The scope of this note is a self-contained presentation of a mathematical method that enables us to give an absolute upper bound for the difference of the Gini coefficients $$\left|G({\sigma }_1,\cdots ,{\sigma }_n)-G({\gamma }_1,\cdots ,{\gamma }_n)\right|,$$ where $({\gamma }_1,\cdots ,{\gamma }_n)$ represents the vector of the gross wages and $({\sigma }_1,\cdots ,{\sigma }_n)$ represents the vector of the corresponding super-gross wages that is used in the Czech Republic for calculating the net wage. Since (as of June 2019) ${\sigma }_i=100·⌈1.34{\gamma }_i/100⌉$, the study of the above difference seems to be somewhat inaccessible for many economists. However, our estimate based...

Let n be a nonnegative integer and let u ∈ (n,n+1]. We say that f is u-times Peano bounded in the approximate (resp. $L^p$, 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞) sense at $x\in {ℝ}^m$ if there are numbers $f_{\alpha }\left(x\right)$, |α| ≤ n, such that $f(x+h)-{\sum }_{\left|\alpha \right|\le n}{f}_{\alpha }\left(x\right)h^{\alpha }/\alpha !$ is $O\left(h^u\right)$ in the approximate (resp. $L^p$) sense as h → 0. Suppose f is u-times Peano bounded in either the approximate or $L^p$ sense at each point of a bounded measurable set E. Then for every ε > 0 there is a perfect set Π ⊂ E and a smooth function g such that the Lebesgue measure of E∖Π is less than ε and f = g on Π....

The associativity of $n$-dimensional copulas in the sense of Post is studied. These copulas are shown to be just $n$-ary extensions of associative 2-dimensional copulas with special constraints, thus they solve an open problem of R. Mesiar posed during the International Conference FSTA 2010 in Liptovský Ján, Slovakia.

The aim of this manuscript is to determine the relative size of several functions (copulas, quasi– copulas) that are commonly used in stochastic modeling. It is shown that the class of all quasi–copulas that are (locally) associated to a doubly stochastic signed measure is a set of first category in the class of all quasi– copulas. Moreover, it is proved that copulas are nowhere dense in the class of quasi-copulas. The results are obtained via a checkerboard approximation of quasi–copulas.

La métrique attachée de façon naturelle à des champs de vecteurs $C^{\infty }$ est susceptible de plusieurs définitions voisines ; on montre que, suivant la définition adoptée, elle peut avoir, ou ne pas avoir, un caractère localement lipschitzien qui a pour conséquence l’existence de points $L$-réguliers, pour certains opérateurs différentiels $L$, sur les frontières des boules pour la métrique.

We present the complex interpolation of Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces with generalized smoothness. In some particular cases these function spaces are just weighted Besov and Triebel–Lizorkin spaces. As a corollary of our results, we obtain the complex interpolation between the weighted Triebel–Lizorkin spaces ${\dot{F}}_{p_0,q_0}^{s_0}\left({\omega }_0\right)$ and ${\dot{F}}_{\infty ,q_1}^{s_1}\left({\omega }_1\right)$ with suitable assumptions on the parameters $s_0,s_1,p_0,q_0$ and $q_1$, and the pair of weights $({\omega }_0,{\omega }_1)$.