We first prove an abstract result for a class of nonlocal problems using fixed point method. We apply this result to equations revelant from plasma physic problems. These equations contain terms like monotone or relative rearrangement of functions. So, we start the approximation study by using finite element to discretize this nonstandard quantities. We end the paper by giving a numerical resolution of a model containing those terms.

We show that the numerical index of a $c_0$-, $l_1$-, or $l_{\infty }$-sum of Banach spaces is the infimum of the numerical indices of the summands. Moreover, we prove that the spaces C(K,X) and $L_1(\mu ,X)$ (K any compact Hausdorff space, μ any positive measure) have the same numerical index as the Banach space X. We also observe that these spaces have the so-called Daugavet property whenever X has the Daugavet property.

We introduce new concepts of numerical range and numerical radius of one operator with respect to another one, which generalize in a natural way the known concepts of numerical range and numerical radius. We study basic properties of these new concepts and present some examples.

Given an open subset $\mathrm{\Omega }$ of ${ℝ}^n$ and a Borel function $f:\mathrm{\Omega }\times ℝ\times {ℝ}^n\to [0,+\mathrm{\infty }[$, conditions on $f$ are given which assure the lower semicontinuity of the functional ${\int }_{\mathrm{\Omega }}f(x,u,Du)dx$ with respect to different topologies.