Factor-group-generated polar spaces and (multi-)qudits.
The Treatise on Quadratureof Fermat (c. 1659), besides containing the first known proof of the computation of the area under a higher parabola, , or under a higher hyperbola, —with the appropriate limits of integration in each case—has a second part which was mostly unnoticed by Fermat’s contemporaries. This second part of theTreatise is obscure and difficult to read. In it Fermat reduced the quadrature of a great number of algebraic curves in implicit form to the quadrature of known curves: the...
One of the oldest and most fundamental problems in the theory of finite projective planes is to classify those having a group which acts transitively on the incident point-line pairs (flags). The conjecture is that the only ones are the Desarguesian projective planes (over a finite field). In this paper, we show that non-Desarguesian finite flag-transitive projective planes exist if and only if certain Fermat surfaces have no nontrivial rational points, and formulate several other equivalences involving...