The Kantorovič-Rubinstein distance
It is shown that associated with each metric space (X,d) there is a compactification of X that can be characterized as the smallest compactification of X to which each bounded uniformly continuous real-valued continuous function with domain X can be extended. Other characterizations of are presented, and a detailed study of the structure of is undertaken. This culminates in a topological characterization of the outgrowth , where is Euclidean n-space with its usual metric.
We prove that the Niemytzki plane is -metrizable and we try to explain the differences between the concepts of a stratifiable space and a -metrizable space. Also, we give a characterisation of -metrizable spaces which is modelled on the version described by Chigogidze.
A homeomorphism f:X → X of a compactum X with metric d is expansive if there is c > 0 such that if x, y ∈ X and x ≠ y, then there is an integer n ∈ ℤ such that . In this paper, we prove that if a homeomorphism f:X → X of a continuum X can be lifted to an onto map h:P → P of the pseudo-arc P, then f is not expansive. As a corollary, we prove that there are no expansive homeomorphisms on chainable continua. This is an affirmative answer to one of Williams’ conjectures.
Let be a Banach lattice, and denote by its positive cone. The weak topology on is metrizable if and only if it coincides with the strong topology if and only if is Banach-lattice isomorphic to for a set . The weak topology on is metrizable if and only if is Banach-lattice isomorphic to a -space, where is a metrizable compact space.
A homeomorphism h:X → X of a compactum X is expansive provided that for some fixed c > 0 and any distinct x, y ∈ X there exists an integer n, dependent only on x and y, such that d(hⁿ(x),hⁿ(y)) > c. It is shown that if X is a circle-like continuum that admits an expansive homeomorphism, then X is homeomorphic to a solenoid.
It looks not useful to study the sup = max problem for extent, because there are simple examples refuting the condition. On the other hand, the sup = max problem for Lindelöf degree does not occur at a glance, because Lindelöf degree is usually defined by not supremum but minimum. Nevertheless, in this paper, we discuss the sup = max problem for the extent of generalized metric spaces by combining the sup = max problem for the Lindelöf degree of these spaces.