Vector bundles over real algebraic surfaces and threefolds
[For the entire collection see Zbl 0699.00032.] In a previous paper [Cas. Pestovani Mat. 115, No.4, 360-367 (1990)] the author determined the set of the vector fields on TM by which connections on TM can be constructed. In this paper, he generalizes some of such constructions to the case of vector fields on fibred manifolds, giving several examples.
It is well-known that minimal compact complex surfaces with containing global spherical shells are in the class VII of Kodaira. In fact, there are no other known examples. In this paper we prove that all surfaces with global spherical shells admit a singular holomorphic foliation. The existence of a numerically anticanonical divisor is a necessary condition for the existence of a global holomorphic vector field. Conversely, given the existence of a numerically anticanonical divisor, surfaces...
An explicit basis of the space of global vector fields on the Sato Grassmannian is computed and the vanishing of the first cohomology group of the sheaf of derivations is shown.
We describe new approaches for constructing virtual knot invariants. The main background of this paper comes from formulating and bringing together the ideas of biquandle [KR], [FJK], the virtual quandle [Ma2], the ideas of quaternion biquandles by Roger Fenn and Andrew Bartholomew [BF], the concepts and properties of long virtual knots [Ma10], and other ideas in the interface between classical and virtual knot theory. In the present paper we present a new algebraic construction of virtual knot...
This paper gives a new method for converting virtual knots and links to virtual braids. Indeed, the braiding method given here is quite general and applies to all the categories in which braiding can be accomplished. This includes the braiding of classical, virtual, flat, welded, unrestricted, and singular knots and links. We also give reduced presentations for the virtual braid group and for the flat virtual braid group (as well as for other categories). These reduced presentations are based on...
In [12, 15] it was shown that in some knot theories the crucial role is played by parity, i.e. a function on crossings valued in {0,1} and behaving nicely with respect to Reidemeister moves. Any parity allows one to construct functorial mappings from knots to knots, to refine many invariants and to prove minimality theorems for knots. In the present paper, we generalise the notion of parity and construct parities with coefficients from an abelian group rather than ℤ₂ and investigate them...
The present paper gives a quick survey of virtual and classical knot theory and presents a list of unsolved problems about virtual knots and links. These are all problems in low-dimensional topology with a special emphasis on virtual knots. In particular, we touch new approaches to knot invariants such as biquandles and Khovanov homology theory. Connections to other geometrical and combinatorial aspects are also discussed.
An elementary stabilization of a Legendrian knot L in the spherical cotangent bundle ST*M of a surface M is a surgery that results in attaching a handle to M along two discs away from the image in M of the projection of the knot L. A virtual Legendrian isotopy is a composition of stabilizations, destabilizations and Legendrian isotopies. A class of virtual Legendrian isotopy is called a virtual Legendrian knot. In contrast to Legendrian knots, virtual Legendrian knots enjoy the...
A virtual string is a scheme of self-intersections of a closed curve on a surface. We study algebraic invariants of strings as well as two equivalence relations on the set of strings: homotopy and cobordism. We show that the homotopy invariants of strings form an infinite dimensional Lie group. We also discuss connections between virtual strings and virtual knots.