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An equivalence criterion for 3-manifolds.

M. R. Casali (1997)

Revista Matemática de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Within geometric topology of 3-manifolds (with or without boundary), a representation theory exists, which makes use of 4-coloured graphs. Aim of this paper is to translate the homeomorphism problem for the represented manifolds into an equivalence problem for 4-coloured graphs, by means of a finite number of graph-moves, called dipole moves. Moreover, interesting consequences are obtained, which are related with the same problem in the n-dimensional setting.

An operator invariant for handlebody-knots

Kai Ishihara, Atsushi Ishii (2012)

Fundamenta Mathematicae

A handlebody-knot is a handlebody embedded in the 3-sphere. We improve Luo's result about markings on a surface, and show that an IH-move is sufficient to investigate handlebody-knots with spatial trivalent graphs without cut-edges. We also give fundamental moves with a height function for handlebody-tangles, which helps us to define operator invariants for handlebody-knots. By using the fundamental moves, we give an operator invariant.

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