We compute explicitly the number of paths of given length joining two vertices of the Cayley graph of the free product of cyclic groups of order k.

Upper estimates are presented for the universal constant in the Katz-Petrov and Osipov inequalities which do not exceed 3.1905.

Motivated by a question of Krzysztof Oleszkiewicz we study a notion of weak tail domination of random vectors. We show that if the dominating random variable is sufficiently regular then weak tail domination implies strong tail domination. In particular, a positive answer to Oleszkiewicz's question would follow from the so-called Bernoulli conjecture. We also prove that any unconditional logarithmically concave distribution is strongly dominated by a product symmetric exponential measure.

On a graph, we give a characterization of a parabolic Harnack inequality and Gaussian estimates for reversible Markov chains by geometric properties (volume regularity and Poincaré inequality).

Let $S_n^{\left(2\right)}$ denote the iterated partial sums. That is, $S_n^{\left(2\right)}=S_1+S_2+\cdots +S_n$, where $S_i=X_1+X_2+\cdots +X_i$. Assuming $X_1,X_2,...,X_n$ are integrable, zero-mean, i.i.d. random variables, we show that the persistence probabilities $$p_n^{\left(2\right)}:=\mathbb{P}\left(\underset{1\le i\le n}{max}{S}_i^{\left(2\right)}lt;0\right)\le c\sqrt{\frac{𝔼|S_{n+1}|}{(n+1)𝔼|X_1|}},$$ with $c\le 6\sqrt{30}$ (and $c=2$ whenever $X_1$ is symmetric). The converse inequality holds whenever the non-zero $min(-X_1,0)$ is bounded or when it has only finite third moment and in addition $X_1$ is squared integrable. Furthermore, $p_n^{\left(2\right)}\asymp n^{-1/4}$ for any non-degenerate squared integrable, i.i.d., zero-mean $X_i$. In contrast, we show that for any $0lt;\gamma lt;1/4$ there exist integrable, zero-mean...

The main purpose of this paper is to exhibit the cutoff phenomenon, studied by Aldous and Diaconis [AD]. Let $Q^{*k}$ denote a transition kernel after k steps and π be a stationary measure. We have to find a critical value $k_n$ for which the total variation norm between $Q^{*k}$ and π stays very close to 1 for $k\ll k_n$, and falls rapidly to a value close to 0 for $k\ge k_n$ with a fall-off phase much shorter than $k_n$. According to the work of Diaconis and Shahshahani [DS], one can naturally conjecture, for a conjugacy class with...

The aim of this note is to describe the Poisson boundary of the group of invertible triangular matrices with coefficients in a number field. It generalizes to any dimension and to any number field a result of Brofferio concerning the Poisson boundary of random rational affinities.