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A weighted graph polynomial from chromatic invariants of knots

Steven D. Noble, Dominic J. A. Welsh (1999)

Annales de l'institut Fourier

Motivated by the work of Chmutov, Duzhin and Lando on Vassiliev invariants, we define a polynomial on weighted graphs which contains as specialisations the weighted chromatic invariants but also contains many other classical invariants including the Tutte and matching polynomials. It also gives the symmetric function generalisation of the chromatic polynomial introduced by Stanley. We study its complexity and prove hardness results for very restricted classes of graphs.

About uniquely colorable mixed hypertrees

Angela Niculitsa, Vitaly Voloshin (2000)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

A mixed hypergraph is a triple 𝓗 = (X,𝓒,𝓓) where X is the vertex set and each of 𝓒, 𝓓 is a family of subsets of X, the 𝓒-edges and 𝓓-edges, respectively. A k-coloring of 𝓗 is a mapping c: X → [k] such that each 𝓒-edge has two vertices with the same color and each 𝓓-edge has two vertices with distinct colors. 𝓗 = (X,𝓒,𝓓) is called a mixed hypertree if there exists a tree T = (X,𝓔) such that every 𝓓-edge and every 𝓒-edge induces a subtree of T. A mixed hypergraph 𝓗 is called uniquely...

Achromatic number of K 5 × K n for small n

Mirko Horňák, Štefan Pčola (2003)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

The achromatic number of a graph G is the maximum number of colours in a proper vertex colouring of G such that for any two distinct colours there is an edge of G incident with vertices of those two colours. We determine the achromatic number of the Cartesian product of K 5 and K n for all n ≤ 24 .

Acyclic 4-choosability of planar graphs without 4-cycles

Yingcai Sun, Min Chen (2020)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

A proper vertex coloring of a graph G is acyclic if there is no bicolored cycle in G . In other words, each cycle of G must be colored with at least three colors. Given a list assignment L = { L ( v ) : v ∈ V } , if there exists an acyclic coloring π of G such that π ( v ) ∈ L ( v ) for all v ∈ V , then we say that G is acyclically L -colorable. If G is acyclically L -colorable for any list assignment L with | L ( v ) | ≥ k for all v ∈ V , then G is acyclically k -choosable. In 2006, Montassier, Raspaud and Wang conjectured that every planar graph without 4-cycles...

Acyclic 6-Colouring of Graphs with Maximum Degree 5 and Small Maximum Average Degree

Anna Fiedorowicz (2013)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

A k-colouring of a graph G is a mapping c from the set of vertices of G to the set {1, . . . , k} of colours such that adjacent vertices receive distinct colours. Such a k-colouring is called acyclic, if for every two distinct colours i and j, the subgraph induced by all the edges linking a vertex coloured with i and a vertex coloured with j is acyclic. In other words, every cycle in G has at least three distinct colours. Acyclic colourings were introduced by Gr¨unbaum in 1973, and since then have...

Acyclic reducible bounds for outerplanar graphs

Mieczysław Borowiecki, Anna Fiedorowicz, Mariusz Hałuszczak (2009)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

For a given graph G and a sequence ₁, ₂,..., ₙ of additive hereditary classes of graphs we define an acyclic (₁, ₂,...,Pₙ)-colouring of G as a partition (V₁, V₂,...,Vₙ) of the set V(G) of vertices which satisfies the following two conditions: 1. G [ V i ] ∈ i for i = 1,...,n, 2. for every pair i,j of distinct colours the subgraph induced in G by the set of edges uv such that u ∈ V i and v ∈ V j is acyclic. A class R = ₁ ⊙ ₂ ⊙ ... ⊙ ₙ is defined as the set of the graphs having an acyclic (₁, ₂,...,Pₙ)-colouring. If ⊆ R,...

Adjacent vertex distinguishing edge colorings of the direct product of a regular graph by a path or a cycle

Laura Frigerio, Federico Lastaria, Norma Zagaglia Salvi (2011)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

In this paper we investigate the minimum number of colors required for a proper edge coloring of a finite, undirected, regular graph G in which no two adjacent vertices are incident to edges colored with the same set of colors. In particular, we study this parameter in relation to the direct product of G by a path or a cycle.

Adjacent vertex distinguishing edge-colorings of planar graphs with girth at least six

Yuehua Bu, Ko-Wei Lih, Weifan Wang (2011)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

An adjacent vertex distinguishing edge-coloring of a graph G is a proper edge-coloring o G such that any pair of adjacent vertices are incident to distinct sets of colors. The minimum number of colors required for an adjacent vertex distinguishing edge-coloring of G is denoted by χ'ₐ(G). We prove that χ'ₐ(G) is at most the maximum degree plus 2 if G is a planar graph without isolated edges whose girth is at least 6. This gives new evidence to a conjecture proposed in [Z. Zhang, L. Liu, and J. Wang,...

All Tight Descriptions of 3-Stars in 3-Polytopes with Girth 5

Oleg V. Borodin, Anna O. Ivanova (2017)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

Lebesgue (1940) proved that every 3-polytope P5 of girth 5 has a path of three vertices of degree 3. Madaras (2004) refined this by showing that every P5 has a 3-vertex with two 3-neighbors and the third neighbor of degree at most 4. This description of 3-stars in P5s is tight in the sense that no its parameter can be strengthened due to the dodecahedron combined with the existence of a P5 in which every 3-vertex has a 4-neighbor. We give another tight description of 3-stars in P5s: there is a vertex...

Almost-Rainbow Edge-Colorings of Some Small Subgraphs

Elliot Krop, Irina Krop (2013)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

Let f(n, p, q) be the minimum number of colors necessary to color the edges of Kn so that every Kp is at least q-colored. We improve current bounds on these nearly “anti-Ramsey” numbers, first studied by Erdös and Gyárfás. We show that [...] , slightly improving the bound of Axenovich. We make small improvements on bounds of Erdös and Gyárfás by showing [...] and for all even n ≢ 1(mod 3), f(n, 4, 5) ≤ n− 1. For a complete bipartite graph G= Kn,n, we show an n-color construction to color the edges...

An anti-Ramsey theorem on edge-cuts

Juan José Montellano-Ballesteros (2006)

Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

Let G = (V(G), E(G)) be a connected multigraph and let h(G) be the minimum integer k such that for every edge-colouring of G, using exactly k colours, there is at least one edge-cut of G all of whose edges receive different colours. In this note it is proved that if G has at least 2 vertices and has no bridges, then h(G) = |E(G)| -|V(G)| + 2.

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