Resolutions by mapping cones.
We define and study restricted projective, injective and flat dimensions over local homomorphisms. Some known results are generalized. As applications, we show that (almost) Cohen-Macaulay rings can be characterized by restricted homological dimensions over local homomorphisms.
Let be a field of characteristic zero and a -domain. Let be a retract of being the kernel of a locally nilpotent derivation of . We show that if for some principal ideal (in particular, if is a UFD), then , i.e., is a polynomial algebra over in one variable. It is natural to ask that, if a retract of a -UFD is the kernel of two commuting locally nilpotent derivations of , then does it follow that ? We give a negative answer to this question. The interest in retracts comes...
A ring extension is said to be FO if it has only finitely many intermediate rings. is said to be FC if each chain of distinct intermediate rings in this extension is finite. We establish several necessary and sufficient conditions for the ring extension to be FO or FC together with several other finiteness conditions on the set of intermediate rings. As a corollary we show that each integrally closed ring extension with finite length chains of intermediate rings is necessarily a normal pair...
We present new characterizations of the rings for which every element is a sum of two tripotents and a nilpotent that commute. These extend the results of Z. L. Ying, M. T. Koşan, Y. Zhou (2016) and Y. Zhou (2018).
Lotka-Volterra systems appear in population biology, plasma physics, laser physics and derivation theory, among many others. We determine the rings of constants of four-variable Lotka-Volterra derivations with four parameters C 1, C 2, C 3, C 4 ∈ k, where k is a field of characteristic zero. Thus, we give a full description of polynomial first integrals of the respective systems of differential equations.
We show that the rings of constants of generic four-variable Lotka-Volterra derivations are finitely generated polynomial rings. We explicitly determine these rings, and we give a description of all polynomial first integrals of their corresponding systems of differential equations. Besides, we characterize cofactors of Darboux polynomials of arbitrary four-variable Lotka-Volterra systems. These cofactors are linear forms with coefficients in the set of nonnegative integers. Lotka-Volterra systems...