An exchange ring $R$ is strongly separative provided that for all finitely generated projective right $R$-modules $A$ and $B$, $A\oplus A\cong A\oplus B\Rightarrow A\cong B$. We prove that an exchange ring $R$ is strongly separative if and only if for any corner $S$ of $R$, $aS+bS=S$ implies that there exist $u,v\in S$ such that $au=bv$ and $Su+Sv=S$ if and only if for any corner $S$ of $R$, $aS+bS=S$ implies that there exists a right invertible matrix $\left(\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ & *\end{array}\right)\in M_2\left(S\right)$. The dual assertions are also proved.

In this paper we introduce the class of strongly rectifiable and S-homogeneous modules. We study basic properties of these modules, of their pure and refined submodules, of Hill's modules and we also prove an extension of the second Prüfer's theorem.

Si supponga che l'anello $𝐑$ ammetta una decomposizione come prodotto subdiretto $𝐑=\underset{\widetilde{\alpha \in 𝚲}}{\times }{𝐑}_{\alpha }$ di anelli ${𝐑}_{\alpha }\ne \mathrm{𝟎}$, tali che per ${𝐒}_{\alpha }=𝐑\cap {𝐑}_{\alpha }$ si abbia ${Ann}_{{𝐑}_{\alpha }}{𝐒}_{\alpha }=\mathrm{𝟎}$ ($\forall \alpha \in A$), e sia $𝐒={\oplus }_{\alpha \in 𝐀}{𝐒}_{\alpha }$. Si scelga un $𝐑$-modulo (destro) $𝐌$ che sia libero da torsione rispetto ad $𝐒$, cioè ${Ann}_{𝐌}𝐒=\mathrm{𝟎}$; allora $𝐌$ può essere rappresentato come prodotto subdiretto irridondante $𝐌\cong \underset{\widetilde{\alpha \in 𝚲}}{\times }{𝐌}_{\alpha }$ degli ${𝐑}_{\alpha }$-moduli ${𝐌}_{\alpha }$ liberi da torsione rispetto ad ${𝐒}_{\alpha }$. Si fa uno studio di un subprodotto generale di una classe $𝐂$ di $𝐑$-moduli ${𝐌}^{(𝐢)}$$...$

A longstanding open problem in the theory of von Neumann regular rings is the question of whether every directly finite simple regular ring must be unit-regular. Recent work on this problem has been done by P. Menal, K. C. O'Meara, and the authors. To clarify some aspects of these new developments, we introduce and study the notion of almost isomorphism between finitely generated projective modules over a simple regular ring.

Let 𝓢 be a class of finitely presented R-modules such that R∈ 𝓢 and 𝓢 has a subset 𝓢* with the property that for any U∈ 𝓢 there is a U*∈ 𝓢* with U* ≅ U. We show that the class of 𝓢-pure injective R-modules is preenveloping. As an application, we deduce that the left global 𝓢-pure projective dimension of R is equal to its left global 𝓢-pure injective dimension. As our main result, we prove that, in fact, the class of 𝓢-pure injective R-modules is enveloping.

The aim of this work is to describe the irreducible components of the nilpotent complex associative algebras varieties of dimension 2 to 5 and to give a lower bound of the number of these components in any dimension.