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Commutative subloop-free loops

Martin Beaudry, Louis Marchand (2011)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

We describe, in a constructive way, a family of commutative loops of odd order, n 7 , which have no nontrivial subloops and whose multiplication group is isomorphic to the alternating group 𝒜 n .

Commutative zeropotent semigroups with few invariant congruences

Robert El Bashir, Tomáš Kepka (2008)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

Commutative semigroups satisfying the equation 2 x + y = 2 x and having only two G -invariant congruences for an automorphism group G are considered. Some classes of these semigroups are characterized and some other examples are constructed.

Commutator subgroups of the extended Hecke groups H ¯ ( λ q )

Recep Şahin, Osman Bizim, I. N. Cangul (2004)

Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal

Hecke groups H ( λ q ) are the discrete subgroups of P S L ( 2 , ) generated by S ( z ) = - ( z + λ q ) - 1 and T ( z ) = - 1 z . The commutator subgroup of H ( λ q ) , denoted by H ' ( λ q ) , is studied in [2]. It was shown that H ' ( λ q ) is a free group of rank q - 1 . Here the extended Hecke groups H ¯ ( λ q ) , obtained by adjoining R 1 ( z ) = 1 / z ¯ to the generators of H ( λ q ) , are considered. The commutator subgroup of H ¯ ( λ q ) is shown to be a free product of two finite cyclic groups. Also it is interesting to note that while in the H ( λ q ) case, the index of H ' ( λ q ) is changed by q , in the case of H ¯ ( λ q ) , this number is either 4 for...

Commutators and associators in Catalan loops

Jan M. Raasch (2010)

Commentationes Mathematicae Universitatis Carolinae

Various commutators and associators may be defined in one-sided loops. In this paper, we approximate and compare these objects in the left and right loop reducts of a Catalan loop. To within a certain order of approximation, they turn out to be quite symmetrical. Using the general analysis of commutators and associators, we investigate the structure of a specific Catalan loop which is non-commutative, but associative, that appears in the original number-theoretic application of Catalan loops.

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