Commutative semigroups with few fully invariant congruences I.
We describe, in a constructive way, a family of commutative loops of odd order, , which have no nontrivial subloops and whose multiplication group is isomorphic to the alternating group .
Commutative semigroups satisfying the equation and having only two -invariant congruences for an automorphism group are considered. Some classes of these semigroups are characterized and some other examples are constructed.
We construct an infinite commutative zeropotent semigroup with only two prime ideals.
Hecke groups are the discrete subgroups of generated by and . The commutator subgroup of (, denoted by , is studied in [2]. It was shown that is a free group of rank . Here the extended Hecke groups , obtained by adjoining to the generators of , are considered. The commutator subgroup of is shown to be a free product of two finite cyclic groups. Also it is interesting to note that while in the case, the index of is changed by , in the case of , this number is either 4 for...
Various commutators and associators may be defined in one-sided loops. In this paper, we approximate and compare these objects in the left and right loop reducts of a Catalan loop. To within a certain order of approximation, they turn out to be quite symmetrical. Using the general analysis of commutators and associators, we investigate the structure of a specific Catalan loop which is non-commutative, but associative, that appears in the original number-theoretic application of Catalan loops.