This paper classifies surfaces $S$ of general type with $p_g=q=1$ having an involution $i$ such that $S/i$ has non-negative Kodaira dimension and that the bicanonical map of $S$ factors through the double cover induced by $i.$ It is shown that $S/i$ is regular and either: a) the Albanese fibration of $S$ is of genus 2 or b) $S$ has no genus 2 fibration and $S/i$ is birational to a $K3$ surface. For case a) a list of possibilities and examples are given. An example for case b) with $K^2=6$ is also constructed.

Let $X$ be a uniruled projective manifold and let $x$ be a general point. The main result of [2] says that if the $(-K_X)$-degrees (i.e., the degrees with respect to the anti-canonical bundle of $X$) of all rational curves through $x$ are at least $dimX+1$, then $X$ is a projective space. In this paper, we study the structure of $X$ when the $(-K_X)$-degrees of all rational curves through $x$ are at least $dimX$. Our study uses the projective variety ${𝒞}_x\subset \mathbb{P}{T}_x\left(X\right)$, called the VMRT at $x$, defined as the union of tangent directions to the...

Let $X$ be a complex Fano manifold of arbitrary dimension, and $D$ a prime divisor in $X$. We consider the image ${𝒩}_1(D,X)$ of ${𝒩}_1\left(D\right)$ in ${𝒩}_1\left(X\right)$ under the natural push-forward of $1$-cycles. We show that ${\rho }_X-{\rho }_D\le codim{𝒩}_1(D,X)\le 8$. Moreover if $codim{𝒩}_1(D,X)\ge 3$, then either $X\cong S\times T$ where $S$ is a Del Pezzo surface, or $codim{𝒩}_1(D,X)=3$ and $X$ has a fibration in Del Pezzo surfaces onto a Fano manifold $T$ such that ${\rho }_X-{\rho }_T=4$.

Let $X$ be the wonderful compactification of a connected adjoint semisimple group $G$ defined over a number field $K$. We prove Manin’s conjecture on the asymptotic (as $T\to \infty$) of the number of $K$-rational points of $X$ of height less than $T$, and give an explicit construction of a measure on $X\left(𝔸\right)$, generalizing Peyre’s measure, which describes the asymptotic distribution of the rational points $𝐆\left(K\right)$ on $X\left(𝔸\right)$. Our approach is based on the mixing property of $L^2(𝐆\left(K\right)\setminus 𝐆\left(𝔸\right))$ which we obtain with a rate of convergence. ...

In his seminal paper on arithmetic surfaces Faltings introduced a new invariant associated to compact Riemann surfaces $X$, nowadays called Faltings’s delta function and here denoted by ${\delta }_{\mathrm{Fal}}\left(X\right)$. For a given compact Riemann surface $X$ of genus $g_X=g$, the invariant ${\delta }_{\mathrm{Fal}}\left(X\right)$ is roughly given as minus the logarithm of the distance with respect to the Weil-Petersson metric of the point in the moduli space ${ℳ}_g$ of genus $g$ curves determined by $X$ to its boundary $\partial {ℳ}_g$. In this paper we begin by revisiting a formula derived...

Let $(𝒮,0)$ be a germ of complex analytic normal surface. On its minimal resolution, we consider the reduced exceptional divisor $E$ and its irreducible components $E_i$, $i\in I$. The Nash map associates to each irreducible component $C_k$ of the space of arcs through $0$ on $𝒮$ the unique component of $E$ cut by the strict transform of the generic arc in $C_k$. Nash proved its injectivity and asked if it was bijective. As a particular case of our main theorem, we prove that this is the case if $E·E_i\<0$ for any $i\in I$. ...

Let $Y$ be a hyperbolic surface and let $\phi$ be a Laplacian eigenfunction having eigenvalue $-1/4-{\tau }^2$ with $\tau >0$. Let $N\left(\phi \right)$ be the set of nodal lines of $\phi$. For a fixed analytic curve $\gamma$ of finite length, we study the number of intersections between $N\left(\phi \right)$ and $\gamma$ in terms of $\tau$. When $Y$ is compact and $\gamma$ a geodesic circle, or when $Y$ has finite volume and $\gamma$ is a closed horocycle, we prove that $\gamma$ is “good” in the sense of [TZ]. As a result, we obtain that the number of intersections between $N\left(\phi \right)$ and $\gamma$ is $O\left(\tau \right)$. This bound is...

Let $C$ be a smooth curve of genus $g$. For each positive integer $r$ the birational $r$-gonality $s_r\left(C\right)$ of $C$ is the minimal integer $t$ such that there is $L\in {\text{Pic}}^t\left(C\right)$ with $h^0(C,L)=r+1$. Fix an integer $r\ge 3$. In this paper we prove the existence of an integer $g_r$ such that for every integer $g\ge g_r$ there is a smooth curve $C$ of genus $g$ with $s_{r+1}\left(C\right)/(r+1)>s_r\left(C\right)/r$, i.e. in the sequence of all birational gonalities of $C$ at least one of the slope inequalities fails.

Let $S$ be a Riemann surface. Let ${ℍ}^3$ be the $3$-dimensional hyperbolic space and let ${\partial }_{\infty }{ℍ}^3$ be its ideal boundary. In our context, a Plateau problem is a locally holomorphic mapping $\varphi :S\to {\partial }_{\infty }{ℍ}^3=\widehat{ℂ}$. If $i:S\to {ℍ}^3$ is a convex immersion, and if $N$ is its exterior normal vector field, we define the Gauss lifting, $\widehat{ı}$, of $i$ by $\widehat{ı}=N$. Let $\overrightarrow{n}:U{ℍ}^3\to {\partial }_{\infty }{ℍ}^3$ be the Gauss-Minkowski mapping. A solution to the Plateau problem $(S,\varphi )$ is a convex immersion $i$ of constant Gaussian curvature equal to $k\in (0,1)$ such that the Gauss lifting $(S,\widehat{ı})$ is complete and $\overrightarrow{n}\circ \widehat{ı}=\varphi$. In this...

We consider the systems of hyperbolic equations ⎧$uₜₜ=\Delta \left(a(t,x)u\right)+\Delta \left(b(t,x)v\right)+{h(t,x)\left|v\right|}^p$, t > 0, $x\in {ℝ}^N$, (S1) ⎨ ⎩$vₜₜ=\Delta \left(c(t,x)v\right)+{k(t,x)\left|u\right|}^q$, t > 0, $x\in {ℝ}^N$ ⎧$uₜₜ=\Delta \left(a(t,x)u\right)+{h(t,x)\left|v\right|}^p$, t > 0, $x\in {ℝ}^N$, (S2) ⎨ ⎩$vₜₜ=\Delta \left(c(t,x)v\right)+{l(t,x)\left|v\right|}^m+k(t,x){\left|u\right|}^q$, t > 0, $x\in {ℝ}^N$, (S3) ⎧$uₜₜ=\Delta \left(a(t,x)u\right)+\Delta \left(b(t,x)v\right)+{h(t,x)\left|u\right|}^p$, t > 0, $x\in {ℝ}^N$, ⎨ ⎩$vₜₜ=\Delta \left(c(t,x)v\right)+{k(t,x)\left|v\right|}^q$, t > 0, $x\in {ℝ}^N$, in $(0,\infty )\times {ℝ}^N$ with u(0,x) = u₀(x), v(0,x) = v₀(x), uₜ(0,x) = u₁(x), vₜ(0,x) = v₁(x). We show that, in each case, there exists a bound B on N such that for 1 ≤ N ≤ B solutions to the systems blow up in finite time.

We consider a rational function $f$ which is ‘lacunary’ in the sense that it can be expressed as the ratio of two polynomials (not necessarily coprime) having each at most a given number $\ell$ of terms. Then we look at the possible decompositions $f\left(x\right)=g\left(h\right(x\left)\right)$, where $g,h$ are rational functions of degree larger than 1. We prove that, apart from certain exceptional cases which we completely describe, the degree of $g$ is bounded only in terms of $\ell$ (and we provide explicit bounds). This supports and quantifies...

Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p\>0$. We study obstructions to lifting to characteristic $0$ the faithful continuous action $\phi$ of a finite group $G$ on $k\left[\right[t\left]\right]$. To each such $\phi$ a theorem of Katz and Gabber associates an action of $G$ on a smooth projective curve $Y$ over $k$. We say that the KGB obstruction of $\phi$ vanishes if $G$ acts on a smooth projective curve $X$ in characteristic $0$ in such a way that $X/H$ and $Y/H$ have the same genus for all subgroups $H\subset G$. We determine for which $G$ the KGB...

Let $C$ be a hyperelliptic curve of genus $g\ge 1$ over a number field $K$ with good reduction outside a finite set of places $S$ of $K$. We prove that $C$ has a Weierstrass model over the ring of integers of $K$ with height effectively bounded only in terms of $g$, $S$ and $K$. In particular, we obtain that for any given number field $K$, finite set of places $S$ of $K$ and integer $g\ge 1$ one can in principle determine the set of $K$-isomorphism classes of hyperelliptic curves over $K$ of genus $g$ with good reduction outside...

Consider a recurrence sequence ${\left(x_k\right)}_{k\in \mathbb{Z}}$ of integers satisfying $x_{k+n}=a_{n-1}{x}_{k+n-1}+...+a₁x_{k+1}+a₀x_k$, where $a₀,a₁,...,a_{n-1}\in \mathbb{Z}$ are fixed and a₀ ∈ -1,1. Assume that $x_k>0$ for all sufficiently large k. If there exists k₀∈ ℤ such that $x_{k₀}<0$ then for each negative integer -D there exist infinitely many rational primes q such that $q|x_k$ for some k ∈ ℕ and (-D/q) = -1.

We take up the study of the Brill-Noether loci $W^r(L,X):=\{\eta \in {\mathrm{Pic}}^0\left(X\right)|h^0(L\otimes \eta )\ge r+1\}$, where $X$ is a smooth projective variety of dimension $>1$, $L\in \mathrm{Pic}\left(X\right)$, and $r\ge 0$ is an integer. By studying the infinitesimal structure of these loci and the Petri map (defined in analogy with the case of curves), we obtain lower bounds for $h^0\left(K_D\right)$, where $D$ is a divisor that moves linearly on a smooth projective variety $X$ of maximal Albanese dimension. In this way we sharpen the results of [Xi] and we generalize them to dimension $>2$. In the $2$-dimensional case...

Let $𝒜$ be a commutative algebraic group defined over a number field $k$. We consider the following question:A complete answer for the case of the multiplicative group ${𝔾}_m$ is classical. We study other instances and in particular obtain an affirmative answer when $r$ is a prime and $𝒜$ is either an elliptic curve or a torus of small dimension with respect to $r$. Without restriction on the dimension of a torus, we produce an example showing that the answer can be negative even when $r$ is a prime. ...

In this note we shall prove that for a continuous function $\varphi :\Delta \to {ℝ}^n$, where $\Delta \subset ℝ$,  the paratingent of $\varphi$ at $a\in \Delta$ is a non-empty and compact set in ${ℝ}^n$ if and only if $\varphi$ satisfies Lipschitz condition in a neighbourhood of $a$. Moreover, in this case the paratingent is a connected set.

Let $D$ be a ${𝒞}^d$ $q$-convex intersection, $d\ge 2$, $0\le q\le n-1$, in a complex manifold $X$ of complex dimension $n$, $n\ge 2$, and let $E$ be a holomorphic vector bundle of rank $N$ over $X$. In this paper, ${𝒞}^k$-estimates, $k=2,3,\cdots ,\infty$, for solutions to the $\overline{\partial }$-equation with small loss of smoothness are obtained for $E$-valued $(0,s)$-forms on $D$ when $n-q\le s\le n$. In addition, we solve the $\overline{\partial }$-equation with a support condition in ${𝒞}^k$-spaces. More precisely, we prove that for a $\overline{\partial }$-closed form $f$ in ${𝒞}_{0,q}^k(X\setminus D,E)$, $1\le q\le n-2$, $n\ge 3$, with compact support and for $\epsilon$ with $0<\epsilon <1$ there...