A complete description of the real interpolation space $L={(L_{p₀}\left(\omega ₀\right),...,L_{pₙ}\left(\omega ₙ\right))}_{\theta ⃗,q}$ is given. An interesting feature of the result is that the whole measure space (Ω,μ) can be divided into disjoint pieces ${\Omega }_i$ (i ∈ I) such that L is an $l_q$ sum of the restrictions of L to ${\Omega }_i$, and L on each ${\Omega }_i$ is a result of interpolation of just two weighted $L_p$ spaces. The proof is based on a generalization of some recent results of the first two authors concerning real interpolation of vector-valued spaces.

The interpolation properties of Cesàro sequence and function spaces are investigated. It is shown that $Ce{s}_p\left(I\right)$ is an interpolation space between $Ce{s}_{p₀}\left(I\right)$ and $Ce{s}_{p₁}\left(I\right)$ for 1 < p₀ < p₁ ≤ ∞ and 1/p = (1 - θ)/p₀ + θ/p₁ with 0 < θ < 1, where I = [0,∞) or [0,1]. The same result is true for Cesàro sequence spaces. On the other hand, $Ce{s}_p[0,1]$ is not an interpolation space between Ces₁[0,1] and $Ce{s}_{\infty }[0,1]$.

We find necessary and sufficient conditions under which the norms of the interpolation spaces ${(N₀,N₁)}_{\theta ,q}$ and ${(X₀,X₁)}_{\theta ,q}$ are equivalent on N, where N is the kernel of a nonzero functional ψ ∈ (X₀ ∩ X₁)* and $N_i$ is the normed space N with the norm inherited from $X_i$ (i = 0,1). Our proof is based on reducing the problem to its partial case studied by Ivanov and Kalton, where ψ is bounded on one of the endpoint spaces. As an application we completely resolve the problem of when the range of the operator $T_{\theta }=S-2^{\theta }I$ (S...

If C is a capacity on a measurable space, we prove that the restriction of the K-functional $K(t,f;L^p\left(C\right),L^{\infty }\left(C\right))$ to quasicontinuous functions f ∈ QC is equivalent to $K(t,f;L^p\left(C\right)\cap QC,L^{\infty }\left(C\right)\cap QC)$. We apply this result to identify the interpolation space ${(L^{p₀,q₀}\left(C\right)\cap QC,L^{p₁,q₁}\left(C\right)\cap QC)}_{\theta ,q}$.

Let $\theta \in (0,1)$, $\lambda \in [0,1)$ and $p,p_0,p_1\in (1,\infty ]$ be such that $(1-\theta )/p_0+\theta /p_1=1/p$, and let $\varphi ,{\varphi }_0,{\varphi }_1$ be some admissible functions such that $\varphi ,{\varphi }_0^{p/p_0}$ and ${\varphi }_1^{p/p_1}$ are equivalent. We first prove that, via the $\pm$ interpolation method, the interpolation $\langle L_{{\varphi }_0}^{p_0),\lambda }\left(𝒳\right),L_{{\varphi }_1}^{p_1),\lambda }\left(𝒳\right),\theta \rangle$ of two generalized grand Morrey spaces on a quasi-metric measure space $𝒳$ is the generalized grand Morrey space $L_{\varphi }^{p),\lambda }\left(𝒳\right)$. Then, by using block functions, we also find a predual space of the generalized grand Morrey space. These results are new even for generalized grand Lebesgue spaces.

We introduce the notion of the modulus of dentability defined for any point of the unit sphere S(X) of a Banach space X. We calculate effectively this modulus for denting points of the unit ball of the classical interpolation space $L¹+L^{\infty }.$ Moreover, a criterion for denting points of the unit ball in this space is given. We also show that none of denting points of the unit ball of $L¹+L^{\infty }$ is a LUR-point. Consequently, the set of LUR-points of the unit ball of $L¹+L^{\infty }$ is empty.

Let $(A_0,A_1)$ be a regular interpolation couple. Under several different assumptions on a fixed $A^{\beta }$, we show that $A^{\theta }=A_{\theta }$ for every $\theta \in (0,1)$. We also deal with assumptions on ${\overline{A}}^{\beta }$, the closure of $A^{\beta }$ in the dual of ${(A_0^{*},A_1^{*})}_{\beta }$.

We prove the existence of solutions to the evolutionary Stokes system in a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝ³. The main result shows that the velocity belongs either to $W_p^{2s+2,s+1}\left({\Omega }^T\right)$ or to $B_{p,q}^{2s+2,s+1}\left({\Omega }^T\right)$ with p > 3 and s ∈ ℝ₊ ∪ 0. The proof is divided into two steps. First the existence in $W_p^{2k+2,k+1}$ for k ∈ ℕ is proved. Next applying interpolation theory the existence in Besov spaces in a half space is shown. Finally the technique of regularizers implies the existence in a bounded domain. The result is generalized to the spaces...

This paper deals with Besov spaces of logarithmic smoothness $B_{p,r}^{0,b}$ formed by periodic functions. We study embeddings of $B_{p,r}^{0,b}$ into Lorentz-Zygmund spaces $L_{p,q}{\left(logL\right)}_{\beta }$. Our techniques rely on the approximation structure of $B_{p,r}^{0,b}$, Nikol’skiĭ type inequalities, extrapolation properties of $L_{p,q}{\left(logL\right)}_{\beta }$ and interpolation.

We give a full solution of the following problems concerning the spaces $M_{\phi }\left(X⃗\right)$: (i) to what extent two functions φ and ψ should be different in order to ensure that $M_{\phi }\left(X⃗\right)\ne M_{\psi }\left(X⃗\right)$ for any nontrivial Banach couple X⃗; (ii) when an embedding $M_{\phi }\left(X⃗\right)⊊M_{\psi }\left(X⃗\right)$ can (or cannot) be dense; (iii) which Banach space can be regarded as an $M_{\phi }\left(X⃗\right)$-space for some (unknown beforehand) Banach couple X⃗.

We study the duality theory of the weighted multi-parameter Triebel-Lizorkin spaces ${\dot{F}}_p^{\alpha ,q}(\omega ;{ℝ}^{n_1}\times {ℝ}^{n_2})$. This space has been introduced and the result $${\left({\dot{F}}_p^{\alpha ,q}(\omega ;{ℝ}^{n_1}\times {ℝ}^{n_2})\right)}^{*}={\mathrm{CMO}}_p^{-\alpha ,q^{\text{'}}}(\omega ;{ℝ}^{n_1}\times {ℝ}^{n_2})$$ for $0<p\le 1$ has been proved in Ding, Zhu (2017). In this paper, for $1<p<\infty$, $0<q<\infty$ we establish its dual space ${\dot{H}}_p^{\alpha ,q}(\omega ;{ℝ}^{n_1}\times {ℝ}^{n_2})$.

We establish an interpolation theorem for a class of nonlinear operators in the Lebesgue spaces ${ℒ}^s\left(ℝⁿ\right)$ arising naturally in the study of elliptic PDEs. The prototype of those PDEs is the second order p-harmonic equation ${div\left|\nabla u\right|}^{p-2\nabla }u=div$. In this example the p-harmonic transform is essentially inverse to $div\left(\right|\nabla {|}^{p-2}\nabla )$. To every vector field $\in {ℒ}^q(ℝⁿ,ℝⁿ)$ our operator ${\mathscr{H}}_p$ assigns the gradient of the solution, ${\mathscr{H}}_p=\nabla u\in {ℒ}^p(ℝⁿ,ℝⁿ)$. The core of the matter is that we go beyond the natural domain of definition of this operator. Because of nonlinearity our...

Geometric structure of Cesàro function spaces $Ce{s}_p\left(I\right)$, where I = [0,1] and [0,∞), is investigated. Among other matters we present a description of their dual spaces, characterize the sets of all q ∈ [1,∞] such that $Ce{s}_p[0,1]$ contains isomorphic and complemented copies of $l_q$-spaces, show that Cesàro function spaces fail the fixed point property, give a description of subspaces generated by Rademacher functions in spaces $Ce{s}_p[0,1]$.

We study the boundedness of the one-sided operator $g{⁺}_{\lambda ,\phi }$ between the weighted spaces $L^p\left(M¯w\right)$ and $L^p\left(w\right)$ for every weight w. If λ = 2/p whenever 1 < p < 2, and in the case p = 1 for λ > 2, we prove the weak type of $g{⁺}_{\lambda ,\phi }$. For every λ > 1 and p = 2, or λ > 2/p and 1 < p < 2, the boundedness of this operator is obtained. For p > 2 and λ > 1, we obtain the boundedness of $g{⁺}_{\lambda ,\phi }$ from $L^p\left({\left(M¯\right)}^{[p/2]+1}w\right)$ to $L^p\left(w\right)$, where ${\left(M¯\right)}^k$ denotes the operator M¯ iterated k times.

Let $L$ be a non-negative self-adjoint operator acting on $L^2\left({ℝ}^n\right)$ satisfying a pointwise Gaussian estimate for its heat kernel. Let $w$ be an $A_r$ weight on ${ℝ}^n\times {ℝ}^n$, $1<r<\infty$. In this article we obtain a weighted atomic decomposition for the weighted Hardy space $H_{L,w}^p({ℝ}^n\times {ℝ}^n)$, $0<p\le 1$ associated to $L$. Based on the atomic decomposition, we show the dual relationship between $H_{L,w}^1({ℝ}^n\times {ℝ}^n)$ and ${\mathrm{BMO}}_{L,w}({ℝ}^n\times {ℝ}^n)$.

We discuss the existence of the current $g^{k}T$, $k\in \mathbb{N}$ for positive and closed currents $T$ and unbounded plurisubharmonic functions $g$. Furthermore, a new type of weighted Lelong number is introduced under the name of weight $k$ Lelong number.

In this paper, characterizations of the embeddings between weighted Copson function spaces ${\mathrm{Cop}}_{p_1,q_1}(u_1,v_1)$ and weighted Cesàro function spaces ${\mathrm{Ces}}_{p_2,q_2}(u_2,v_2)$ are given. In particular, two-sided estimates of the optimal constant $c$ in the inequality $$\begin{array}{cc}\hfill d({\int }_0^{\infty }& {\left({\int }_0^{t}f{\left(\tau \right)}^{p_2}{v}_2\left(\tau \right)\mathrm{d}\tau \right)}^{q_2/p_2}{u}_2\left(t\right)\mathrm{d}t{)}^{1/q_2}\hfill \\ & \le c{\left({\int }_0^{\infty }{\left({\int }_t^{\infty }f{\left(\tau \right)}^{p_1}{v}_1\left(\tau \right)\mathrm{d}\tau \right)}^{q_1/p_1}{u}_1\left(t\right)\mathrm{d}t\right)}^{1/q_1},\hfill \end{array}d$$ where $p_1,p_2,q_1,q_2\in (0,\infty )$, $p_2\le q_2$ and $u_1$, $u_2$, $v_1$, $v_2$ are weights on $(0,\infty )$, are obtained. The most innovative part consists of the fact that possibly different parameters $p_1$ and $p_2$ and possibly different inner weights $v_1$ and $v_2$ are allowed. The proof is based on the combination of duality techniques...

Given two n-tuples $a=(a_1,...,a_n)$ and $b=(b_1,...,b_n)$ of bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space the question of when there exists an elementary operator E such that $E{a}_j=b_j$ for all j =1,...,n, is studied. The analogous question for left multiplications (instead of elementary operators) is answered in any C*-algebra A, as a consequence of the characterization of closed left A-submodules in $A^n$.

Let $u$ be a holomorphic function and $\varphi$ a holomorphic self-map of the open unit disk $𝔻$ in the complex plane. We provide new characterizations for the boundedness of the weighted composition operators $u{C}_{\varphi }$ from Zygmund type spaces to Bloch type spaces in $𝔻$ in terms of $u$, $\varphi$, their derivatives, and ${\varphi }^n$, the $n$-th power of $\varphi$. Moreover, we obtain some similar estimates for the essential norms of the operators $u{C}_{\varphi }$, from which sufficient and necessary conditions of compactness of $u{C}_{\varphi }$ follows immediately. ...

Let $R$ be a unital $*$-ring. For any $a,s,t,v,w\in R$ we define the weighted $w$-core inverse and the weighted dual $s$-core inverse, extending the $w$-core inverse and the dual $s$-core inverse, respectively. An element $a\in R$ has a weighted $w$-core inverse with the weight $v$ if there exists some $x\in R$ such that $awxvx=x$, $xvawa=a$ and ${\left(awx\right)}^{*}=awx$. Dually, an element $a\in R$ has a weighted dual $s$-core inverse with the weight $t$ if there exists some $y\in R$ such that $ytysa=y$, $asaty=a$ and ${\left(ysa\right)}^{*}=ysa$. Several characterizations of weighted $w$-core invertible and weighted dual $s$-core...

We study embeddings of spaces of Besov-Morrey type, $i{d}_{\Omega }{:}_{p₁,u₁,q₁}^{s₁}\left(\Omega \right){\hookrightarrow }_{p₂,u₂,q₂}^{s₂}\left(\Omega \right)$, where $\Omega \subset {ℝ}^d$ is a bounded domain, and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the continuity and compactness of $i{d}_{\Omega }$. This continues our earlier studies relating to the case of ${ℝ}^d$. Moreover, we also characterise embeddings into the scale of $L_p$ spaces or into the space of bounded continuous functions.