In this article, we formalize the definition of lattice of ℤ-module and its properties in the Mizar system [5].We formally prove that scalar products in lattices are bilinear forms over the field of real numbers ℝ. We also formalize the definitions of positive definite and integral lattices and their properties. Lattice of ℤ-module is necessary for lattice problems, LLL (Lenstra, Lenstra and Lovász) base reduction algorithm [14], and cryptographic systems with lattices [15] and coding theory [9]....

In this article, we formalized Lebesgue's Convergence theorem of complex-valued function. We proved Lebesgue's Convergence Theorem of realvalued function using the theorem of extensional real-valued function. Then applying the former theorem to real part and imaginary part of complex-valued functional sequences, we proved Lebesgue's Convergence Theorem of complex-valued function. We also defined partial sums of real-valued functional sequences and complex-valued functional sequences and showed their...

In this article we prove the Leibniz series for π which states that π4=∑n=0∞(−1)n2⋅n+1. $$\frac{\pi }{4}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }\frac{{\left(-1\right)}^n}{2·n+1}.$$ The formalization follows K. Knopp [8], [1] and [6]. Leibniz’s Series for Pi is item 26 from the “Formalizing 100 Theorems” list maintained by Freek Wiedijk at http://www.cs.ru.nl/F.Wiedijk/100/.