A graph whose edges are labeled either as positive or negative is called a signed graph. In this article, we extend the notion of composition of (unsigned) graphs (also called lexicographic product) to signed graphs. We employ Kronecker product of matrices to express the adjacency matrix of this product of two signed graphs and hence find its eigenvalues when the second graph under composition is net-regular. A signed graph is said to be net-regular if every vertex has constant net-degree, namely,...

A signed graph (or sigraph for short) is an ordered pair S = (Su,σ), where Su is a graph, G = (V,E), called the underlying graph of S and σ : E → {+,−} is a function from the edge set E of Su into the set {+,−}. For a sigraph S its •-line sigraph, L•(S) is the sigraph in which the edges of S are represented as vertices, two of these vertices are defined adjacent whenever the corresponding edges in S have a vertex in common, any such L-edge ee′ has the sign given by the product of the signs of the...

The weight of an edge xy of a graph is defined to be the sum of degrees of the vertices x and y. The weight of a graph G is the minimum of weights of edges of G. More than twenty years ago Erd˝os was interested in finding the maximum weight of a graph with n vertices and m edges. This paper presents a complete solution of a modification of the above problem in which a graph is required to be bipartite. It is shown that there is a function w*(n,m) such that the optimum weight is either w*(n,m) or...

The weight w(f) of a face f in a 3-polytope is the degree-sum of vertices incident with f. It follows from Lebesgue’s results of 1940 that every triangle-free 3-polytope without 4-faces incident with at least three 3-vertices has a 4-face with w ≤ 21 or a 5-face with w ≤ 17. Here, the bound 17 is sharp, but it was still unknown whether 21 is sharp. The purpose of this paper is to improve this 21 to 20, which is best possible.