On divisibility of Narayana numbers by primes.
Grosswald’s conjecture is that g(p), the least primitive root modulo p, satisfies g(p) ≤ √p - 2 for all p > 409. We make progress towards this conjecture by proving that g(p) ≤ √p -2 for all and for all .
In the first part, we assign to each positive integer a digraph whose set of vertices consists of elements of the ring with the addition and the multiplication operations modulo and for which there is a directed edge from to if and only if . Associated with are two disjoint subdigraphs: and whose union is The vertices of are coprime to and the vertices of are not coprime to In this part, we study the structure of in detail. In the second part, we investigate the zero-divisor...
We use the properties of -adic integrals and measures to obtain general congruences for Genocchi numbers and polynomials and tangent coefficients. These congruences are analogues of the usual Kummer congruences for Bernoulli numbers, generalize known congruences for Genocchi numbers, and provide new congruences systems for Genocchi polynomials and tangent coefficients.