We consider two issues concerning polynomial cycles. Namely, for a discrete valuation domain $R$ of positive characteristic (for $N\ge 1$) or for any Dedekind domain $R$ of positive characteristic (but only for $N\ge 2$), we give a closed formula for a set $𝒞YCL(R,N)$ of all possible cycle-lengths for polynomial mappings in $R^N$. Then we give a new property of sets $𝒞YCL(R,1)$, which refutes a kind of conjecture posed by W. Narkiewicz.

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with an identity different from zero and $n$ be a positive integer. Anderson and Badawi, in their paper on $n$-absorbing ideals, define a proper ideal $I$ of a commutative ring $R$ to be an $n$-absorbing ideal of $R$, if whenever $x_1\cdots x_{n+1}\in I$ for $x_1,...,x_{n+1}\in R$, then there are $n$ of the $x_i$’s whose product is in $I$ and conjecture that ${\omega }_{R\left[X\right]}\left(I\left[X\right]\right)={\omega }_R\left(I\right)$ for any ideal $I$ of an arbitrary ring $R$, where ${\omega }_R\left(I\right)=min\{n:I\text{is}\text{an}n\text{-absorbing}\text{ideal}\text{of}R\}$. In the present paper, we use content formula techniques to prove that their conjecture is true, if one of the following conditions...

Let ℕ represent the positive integers and ℕ₀ the non-negative integers. If b ∈ ℕ and Γ is a multiplicatively closed subset of ${\mathbb{Z}}_b=\mathbb{Z}/b\mathbb{Z}$, then the set $H_{\Gamma }=x\in \mathbb{N}|x+b\mathbb{Z}\in \Gamma \cup 1$ is a multiplicative submonoid of ℕ known as a congruence monoid. An arithmetical congruence monoid (or ACM) is a congruence monoid where Γ = ā consists of a single element. If $H_{\Gamma }$ is an ACM, then we represent it with the notation M(a,b) = (a + bℕ₀) ∪ 1, where a, b ∈ ℕ and a² ≡ a (mod b). A classical 1954 result of James and Niven implies that the only ACM...

If $a$ and $b$ are positive integers with $a\le b$ and $a^2\equiv a\mathrm{mod}b$, then the set$$M_{a,b}=\{x\in \mathbb{N}:x\equiv a\mathrm{mod}b\text{or}x=1\}$$is a multiplicative monoid known as an arithmetical congruence monoid (or ACM). For any monoid $M$ with units $M^{\times }$ and any $x\in M\setminus M^{\times }$ we say that $t\in \mathbb{N}$ is a factorization length of $x$ if and only if there exist irreducible elements $y_1,...,y_t$ of $M$ and $x=y_1\cdots y_t$. Let $ℒ\left(x\right)=\{t_1,...,t_j\}$ be the set of all such lengths (where $t_i\<t_{i+1}$ whenever $i\<j$). The Delta-set of the element $x$ is defined as the set of gaps in $ℒ\left(x\right)$: $\Delta \left(x\right)=\{t_{i+1}-t_i:1\le i\<k\}$ and the Delta-set of the monoid $M$ is given by ${\bigcup }_{x\in M\setminus M^{\times }}\Delta \left(x\right)$. We consider the $\Delta \left(M\right)$ when $M=M_{a,b}$ is an ACM with...

The concept of a Prüfer ring is studied in the case of rings with involution such that it coincides with the corresponding notion in the case of commutative rings.