A local-global version of the implicit function theorem in o-minimal structures and a generalization of the theorem of Wilkie on covering open sets by open cells are proven.

Let f: ℝⁿ → ℝ be a nonconstant polynomial function. Using the information from the "curve of tangency" of f, we provide a method to determine the Łojasiewicz exponent at infinity of f. As a corollary, we give a computational criterion to decide if the Łojasiewicz exponent at infinity is finite or not. Then we obtain a formula to calculate the set of points at which the polynomial f is not proper. Moreover, a relation between the Łojasiewicz exponent at infinity of f and the problem of computing...

We will prove that the Pierce-Birkhoff Conjecture holds for non-singular two-dimensional affine real algebraic varieties over real closed fields, i.e., if $W$ is such a variety, then every piecewise polynomial function on $W$ can be written as suprema of infima of polynomial functions on $W$. More precisely, we will give a proof of the so-called Connectedness Conjecture for the coordinate rings of such varieties, which implies the Pierce-Birkhoff Conjecture.

Given integers $D\>0,n\>1,0\<r\<n$ and a constant $C\>0$, consider the space of $r$-tuples $\overrightarrow{P}=(P_1...P_r)$ of real polynomials in $n$ variables of degree $\le D$, whose coefficients are $\le C$ in absolute value, and satisfying $\det {\left(\frac{\partial P_i}{\partial x_i}\left(0\right)\right)}_{1\le i,j\le r}=1$. We study the family $\left\{f\right|V\}$ of algebraic functions, where $f$ is a polynomial, and $V=\left\{\right|x|\le \delta ,\overrightarrow{P}(x)=0\},\delta \>0$ being a constant depending only on $n,D,C$. The main result is a quantitative extension theorem for these functions which is uniform in $\overrightarrow{P}$. This is used to prove Bernstein-type inequalities which are again uniform with respect to $\overrightarrow{P}$.The proof is based on...

We give an estimate of Siciak’s extremal function for compact subsets of algebraic varieties in ${ℂ}^n$ (resp. ${ℝ}^n$). As an application we obtain Bernstein-Walsh and tangential Markov type inequalities for (the traces of) polynomials on algebraic sets.

In this paper we consider the following question: Let S be a semialgebraic subset of a real algebraic set V, and let φ: S → Z be a function on S. Is φ the restriction of an algebraically constructible function on V, i.e. a sum of signs of polynomials on V? We give an effective method to answer this question when φ(S) ⊂ {-1,1} or dim S ≤ 2 or S is basic.

We discuss an exact reconstruction algorithm for time expanding semi-algebraic sets given by a single polynomial inequality. The theoretical motivation comes from the classical $L$-problem of moments, while some possible applications to 2D fluid moving boundaries are sketched. The proofs rely on an adapted co-area theorem and a Hankel form minimization.

Let R be a real closed field with a real valuation v. A ℤ-valued semialgebraic function on Rⁿ is called algebraic if it can be written as the sign of a symmetric bilinear form over R[X₁,. .., Xₙ]. We show that the reduction of such a function with respect to v is again algebraic on the residue field. This implies a corresponding result for limits of algebraic functions in definable families.

Implementations of known reductions of the Strong Real Jacobian Conjecture (SRJC), to the case of an identity map plus cubic homogeneous or cubic linear terms, and to the case of gradient maps, are shown to preserve significant algebraic and geometric properties of the maps involved. That permits the separate formulation and reduction, though not so far the solution, of the SRJC for classes of nonsingular polynomial endomorphisms of real n-space that exclude the Pinchuk counterexamples to the SRJC,...

Consider a compact subset $K$ of real $n$-space defined by polynomial inequalities $g_1\ge 0,\cdots ,g_s\ge 0$. For a polynomial $f$ non-negative on $K$, natural sufficient conditions are given (in terms of first and second derivatives at the zeros of $f$ in $K$) for $f$ to have a presentation of the form $f=t_0+t_1{g}_1+\cdots +t_s{g}_s$, $t_i$ a sum of squares of polynomials. The conditions are much less restrictive than the conditions given by Scheiderer in [11, Cor. 2.6]. The proof uses Scheiderer’s main theorem in [11] as well as arguments from quadratic form theory...

This paper studies the representation of a non-negative polynomial f on a non-compact semi-algebraic set K modulo its KKT (Karush-Kuhn-Tucker) ideal. Under the assumption that f satisfies the boundary Hessian conditions (BHC) at each zero of f in K, we show that f can be represented as a sum of squares (SOS) of real polynomials modulo its KKT ideal if f ≥ 0 on K.

We study matrix calculations such as diagonalization of quadratic forms under the aspect of additive complexity and relate these complexities to the complexity of matrix multiplication. While in Bürgisser et al. (1991) for multiplicative complexity the customary thick path existence argument was sufficient, here for additive complexity we need the more delicate finess of the real spectrum (cf. Bochnak et al. (1987), Becker (1986), Knebusch and Scheiderer (1989)) to obtain a complexity relativization....

Given a closed (not necessarly compact) semi-algebraic set $X$ in ${ℝ}^n$, we construct a non-negative semi-algebraic ${𝒞}^2$ function $f$ such that $X=f^{-1}\left(0\right)$ and such that for $\delta \>0$ sufficiently small, the inclusion of $X$ in $f^{-1}\left([0,\delta ]\right)$ is a retraction. As a corollary, we obtain several formulas for the Euler characteristic of $X$.